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===Middle Ages and Renaissance===
{{Div col}}
*[[{{Flag|Republic of San Marino]]}} (301–present)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Amalfi]]}} (839–1131)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Venice]]}} (c. 9th century–1797)
*[[{{Flag|Icelandic Commonwealth]]}} (930–1262)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Pisa]]}} (11th century – 1406, 1494–1509)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Genoa]]}} (c. 1100–1797)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Florence]]}} (1115–1537)
*[[{{Flag|Novgorod Republic]]}} (1136–1478)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waytorussia.net/CentralRussia/Novgorod/History.html |title=Brief history of Novgorod |accessdate=2007-12-26 |work=[http://www.waytorussia.net/index.html WayToRussia.Net]}}</ref>
*[[{{Flag|Commune of Rome]]}} (1144–1193)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Lucca]]}} (1160–1805)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Siena]]}} (1167–1557)
*[[{{Flag|Old Swiss Confederacy]]}} (1291–1798)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Ragusa]]}} (14th century – 1808)
*[[{{Flag|Pskov Republic]]}} (1348–1510)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Cospaia]]}} (1440–1826)
*[[{{Flag|Ambrosian Republic]]}} (1447–1450)
*[[{{Flag|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]}} (1569–1795)
*[[{{Flag|Zaporizhian Sich]]}} (1552—1775)
*[[{{Flag|Dutch Republic]]}} (1581–1795)
*[[{{Flag|Republic of Salé]]}} (1619–1668)
{{Div col end}}
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