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தமிழாக்கம் தொடர்கிறது - நீக்க வேண்டாம்
தமிழாக்கம்
வரிசை 1:
{{வேலை நடந்துகொண்டிருக்கிறது}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=இசுரேல்–பலத்தீன பிணக்கு
|conflict=Israeli–Palestinian conflict
|partof=the [[அரபு-இசுரேல் முரண்பாடு]]
|image=[[File:West Bank & Gaza Map 2007 (Settlements).png|250px]]
|caption=[[மேற்குக் கரை]]க்கும் [[காசா கரை]]க்கும் அடுத்துள்ள [[இசுரேல்|இசுரேலின்]] நடுப்பகுதி, 2007
|caption=Central [[இசுரேல்]] next to the [[மேற்குக் கரை]] and the [[காசா கரை]], 2007
|date=Mid-20th20வது நூற்றாண்டின் நடுவில் century<ref name=bbc2/> – presentஇன்றளவில்<br>Mainமுதன்மை phaseகட்டம்: 1964–1993
|place={{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|territory=காசாவில் பலத்தீன அரசு நிறுவலும் கலைத்தலும் (1948–1959)<br>மேற்குக் கரையை [[ஜோர்தான்]] கையகப்படுத்தல் (1948–1967)<br>மேற்கு கரையையும் காசாவையும் இசுரேல் கையகப்படுத்துதல் (1967)<br>"A" மற்றும் "B" நிலப்பகுதிகளை இசுரேலிய நிர்வாகத்திடமிருந்து பலத்தீன தேசிய ஆணையத்திற்கு மாற்றுதல் (1994–95)<br>காசாவிலிருந்து இசுரேல் விலகல் (2005)
|territory=Establishment and dissolution of [[All-Palestine government|Palestinian administration]] (1948–1959) in Gaza<br>Jordanian [[Jordanian occupation of the West Bank|annexation]] of the West Bank (1948–1967)<br>[[Israeli Military Governorship|Occupation of West Bank and Gaza]] by Israel in 1967<br>Transition of "A" and "B" areas from [[Israeli Civil Administration]] to the [[Palestinian National Authority]] in 1994–95<br>[[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]] in 2005
|status=இசுரேலிய-பலத்தீன அமைதிப் பேச்சுக்கள் <br>தாழ்-நிலை சண்டைகள், பெரும்பாலும் இசுரேலுக்கும் காசாவிற்கும்
|status=[[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]<br>low-level fighting, mainly [[Israel-Gaza conflict|between Israel and Gaza]]
|combatant1={{flag|Israel}}
|combatant2={{flag|All-Palestine}} (1948–1959)<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine.svg}} [[பலஸ்தீன விடுதலை இயக்கம்]] (1964–93)<br>
{{flag|Palestinian National Authority}} (2000–04)<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[காசா கரை]] (2006-presentஇன்றளவில்)
|commander1=
|commander2=
வரிசை 20:
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
|casualties3=21,500 casualtiesஉயிரிழப்புகள் (1965–2013)<ref>Monty G. Marshall. ''Major Episodes of Political Violence 1946-2012''. SystemicPeace.org. "Ethnic War with Arab Palestinians / PLO 1965-2013". Updated 12 June 2013 [http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm]</ref>
}}
'''இசுரேல்-பாலத்தீனப் பிணக்கு''' (''Israeli–Palestinian conflict'', {{lang-ar|{{big|النزاع الفلسطيني - الإسرائيلي}}}} ''al-Niza'a al'Filastini al 'Israili''; {{lang-he|{{big|הסכסוך הישראלי-פלסטיני}}}} ''Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Falestini'') isஇருபதாம் theநூற்றாண்டின் ongoingமத்தியிலிருந்து struggle betweenஇன்றுவரை [[இசுரேல்|இசுரேலுக்கும்]]is and [[பலத்தீன் நாடு|Palestiniansபலத்தீனத்திற்கும்]] thatஇடையே beganநடைபெற்றுவரும் inதொடர்போராட்டத்தை the mid-20th centuryகுறிக்கிறது.<ref name=bbc2>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/default.stm|title=A History of Conflict: Introduction|work=A History of Conflict|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Theஇந்தப் conflictபிணக்குகள் isபிரித்தானியர் wide-ranging,ஆண்டுவந்த and the term is sometimes also used in reference to the earlier [[Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine|sectarian conflict]] in [[Mandatory Palestine]], between theகாலத்திலிருந்தே [[சீயோனிசம்|Zionistசீயோனியர்களுக்கும்]] ''[[(yishuv]])'' andஅரபு theமக்களுக்கும் Arabஇடையே populationஇருந்து under British ruleவந்துள்ளது. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has formed the core part of theஇது widerபரந்த [[அரபு-இசுரேல் முரண்பாடு|அரபு-இசுரேல் முரண்பாட்டின்]]. Itமைய hasஅங்கமாகும். widelyஇந்தப் beenபிணக்கே referredஉலகின் to as the world's "mostமிகவும் intractableசிக்கலான conflictபிணக்காக" கருதப்படுகிறது.<ref>[https://divinity.duke.edu/about/contact-duke-divinity-school/faculty/staff/chris-rice Chris Rice], [[Epigraph (literature)|quoted in]] Munayer Salim J, Loden Lisa, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pSsmAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1#v=onepage&q&f=false Through My Enemy's Eyes: Envisioning Reconciliation in Israel-Palestine], quote: "The Palestinian-Israeli divide may be the most intractable conflict of our time."</ref><ref>[http://polisci.columbia.edu/people/profile/78 Virginia Page Fortna], [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7MXPOz95A_IC&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false Peace Time: Cease-fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace], page 67, "Britain's contradictory promises to Arabs and Jews during World War I sowed the seeds of what would become the international community's most intractable conflict later in the century."</ref><ref>Avner Falk, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4CNVmZIen3AC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false Fratricide in the Holy Land: A Psychoanalytic View of the Arab-Israeli Conflict], Chapter 1, page 8, "Most experts agree that the Arab-Israeli conflict is the most intractable conflict in our world, yet very few scholars have produced any psychological explanation—let alone a satisfactory one—of this conflict's intractability"</ref>
 
History
Main article: History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Following the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, the Arab League decided to intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[22] The overall fighting, leading to around 15,000 casualties, resulted in cease fire and armistice agreements of 1949, with Israel holding much of the former Mandate territory, Jordan occupying and later annexing the West Bank and Egypt taking over the Gaza Strip, where the All-Palestine Government was declared by the Arab League on 22 September 1948.[15]
 
Through the 1950s, Jordan and Egypt supported the Palestinian Fedayeen militants' cross-border attacks into Israel, while Israel carried out reprisal operations in the host countries. The 1956 Suez Crisis resulted in a short-term Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip and exile of the All-Palestine Government, which was later restored with Israeli withdrawal. The All-Palestine Government was completely abandoned by Egypt in 1959 and was officially merged into the United Arab Republic, to the detriment of the Palestinian national movement. Gaza Strip then was put under the authority of Egyptian military administrator, making it a de-facto military occupation. In 1964, however, a new organization, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), was established by Yasser Arafat.[22] It immediately won the support of most Arab League governments and was granted a seat in the Arab League.
 
The 1967 Six Day War exerted a significant effect upon Palestinian nationalism, as Israel gained authority of the West Bank from Jordan and the Gaza Strip from Egypt. Consequently, the PLO was unable to establish any control on the ground and established its headquarters in Jordan, home to hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, and supported the Jordanian army during the War of Attrition, most notably the Battle of Karameh. However, the Palestinian base in Jordan collapsed with the Jordanian-Palestinian civil war in 1970. The PLO defeat by the Jordanians caused most of the Palestinian militants to relocate to South Lebanon, where they soon took over large areas, creating the so-called "Fatahland".
 
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon peaked in the early 1970s, as Lebanon was used as a base to launch attacks on northern Israel and airplane hijacking campaigns worldwide, which drew Israeli retaliation. During the Lebanese Civil War, Palestinian militants continued to launch attacks against Israel while also battling opponents within Lebanon. In 1978, the Coastal Road massacre led to the Israeli full-scale invasion known as Operation Litani. Israeli forces, however, quickly withdrew from Lebanon, and the attacks against Israel resumed. In 1982, following an assassination attempt on one of its diplomats by Palestinians, the Israeli government decided to take sides in the Lebanese Civil War and the 1982 Lebanon War commenced. The initial results for Israel were successful. Most Palestinian militants were defeated within several weeks, Beirut was captured, and the PLO headquarters were evacuated to Tunisia in June by Yasser Arafat's decision.[15] However, Israeli intervention in the civil war also led to unforeseen results, including small-scale conflict between Israel and Syria. By 1985, Israel withdrew to a 10 km occupied strip of South Lebanon, while the low-intensity conflict with Shia militants escalated.[14]Those Iranian-supported Shia groups gradually consolidated into Hizbullah and Amal, operated against Israel, and allied with the remnants of Palestinian organizations to launch attacks on Galilee through the late 1980s. By the 1990s, Palestinian organizations in Lebanon were largely inactive.[citation needed]
 
The first Palestinian uprising began in 1987 as a response to escalating attacks and the endless occupation. By the early 1990s, international efforts to settle the conflict had begun, in light of the success of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1982. Eventually, the Israeli-Palestinian peace process led to the Oslo Accords of 1993, allowing the PLO to relocate from Tunisia and take ground in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, establishing the Palestinian National Authority. The peace process also had significant opposition among radical Islamic elements of Palestinian society, such as Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, who immediately initiated a campaign of attacks targeting Israelis. Following hundreds of casualties and a wave of radical anti-government propaganda, Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was assassinated by an Israeli fanatic who objected to the policy of the government. This struck a serious blow to the peace process, from which the newly elected government of Israel in 1996 backed off.[14]
 
Following several years of unsuccessful negotiations, the conflict re-erupted as the Second Intifada on September 2000.[15] The violence, escalating into an open conflict between the Palestinian Authority security forces and the IDF, lasted until 2004/2005 and led to approximately 130 fatalities. Israeli Prime Minister Sharon decided to disengage from Gaza. In 2005, Israel removed every soldier and every Jewish settler from Gaza. Israel and its Supreme Court formally declared an end to occupation, saying it "had no effective control over what occurred" in Gaza.[24] In 2006, Hamas took power by winning a plurality of 44% in a Palestinian parliamentary election. Israel responded it would begin economic sanctions unless Hamas agreed to accept prior Israeli-Palestinian agreements, forswear violence, and recognize Israel's right to exist.[25] Hamas responded with rocket attacks[26][27][28] and an incursion onto Israeli territory using underground tunnels to kidnap Gilad Shalit. After internal Palestinian political struggle between Fatah and Hamas erupted into the Battle of Gaza (2007), Hamas took full control of the area.[29] in 2007, Israel imposed a naval blockade on the Gaza Strip, and cooperation with Egypt allowed a ground blockade of the Egyptian border
 
The tensions between Israel and Hamas, who won increasing financial and political support of Iran, escalated until late 2008, when Israel launched operation Cast Lead (the Gaza War). By February 2009, a cease-fire was signed with international mediation between the parties, though small and sporadic eruptions of violence continued.[30][31] The question of whether Gaza remains occupied following Israel's withdrawal remains contentious. Israel insists that its full withdrawal from Gaza means it does not occupy Gaza. The UN has taken no position over whether Gaza remains occupied. Palestinian leaders insist that the Israeli decision, following attacks from Hamas, to impose a weapons blockade of Gaza, Israel's control of Gaza crossing points into Israel, and Israel's control of air above and sea around Gaza constitutes continued Israeli occupation.[24]
 
In 2011, a Palestinian Authority attempt to gain UN membership as a fully sovereign state failed. In Hamas-controlled Gaza, sporadic rocket attacks on Israel and Israeli air raids still take place.[32][33][34][35] In November 2012, the representation of Palestine in UN was upgraded to a non-member observer State, and mission title was changed from "Palestine (represented by PLO)" to State of Palestine.
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