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சீனா: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

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இற்றை
வெளியிணைப்பு சேர்த்தல்/நீக்கல்
வரிசை 9:
| map_caption = Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
| map_width = 220px
| national_anthem = {{vunblist|"[[சீன நாட்டுப்பண்]]"|{{lang|zh-hans|义勇军进行曲}}}} [[படிமம்:Marchமார்ச்சு of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg|center]]
| official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Standard Chinese]]<ref name="langlaw">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |title=Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37) |publisher=Chinese Government|date=31 Octoberஒக்டோபர் 2000|accessdate=21 Juneசூன் 2013 |quote=For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters.}}</ref>{{efn|[[போர்த்துக்கேய மொழி|Portuguese]] ([[மக்காவு]] only), [[ஆங்கிலம்|English]] ([[ஆங்காங்]] only).}}<!--end nowrap:-->}}
| languages_type = Official written language
| languages = [[Written vernacular Chinese|Vernacular Chinese]]
வரிசை 29:
| capital = [[பெய்ஜிங்]]{{efn|Or (previously) "Peking".}}
| latd=39 |latm=55 |latNS=N |longd=116 |longm=23 |longEW=E
| largest_city = [[சாங்காய்]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Chan, Kam Wing |title=Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications |journal=[[Eurasian Geography and Economics]] |year=2007 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=383–412 |url=http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=7 Augustஆகத்து 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf|archivedate=15 Januaryசனவரி 2013|doi=10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383}} p. 395</ref>
| demonym = Chinese
<!----
வரிசை 36:
PLEASE READ THE ARCHIVES of past discussions BEFORE MAKING/SUGGESTING CHANGES!
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| government_type = [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics|Socialist]] [[single-party state]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the People's Republic of China|url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm|publisher=The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China|date=15 Novemberநவம்பர் 2007|accessdate=8 Februaryபெப்ரவரி 2015}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[சீ சின்பிங்]]{{efn|Xi Jinping holds four concurrent positions: [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]], [[President of the People's Republic of China]], and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] for both state and party.<ref>[http://rt.com/news/china-new-leader-xi-734/ "New man at helm: Xi Jinping elected to lead China"]. RT.com. 15 Novemberநவம்பர் 2012. Retrieved 2 Januaryசனவரி 2013.</ref>}}
| leader_title2 = [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]]
| leader_name2 = [[லீ கெச்சியாங்]]
வரிசை 58:
| established_date2 = 221 BCE
| established_event3 = [[சீனப் புரட்சி (1911)#Establishment of the Republic|Republic established]]
| established_date3 = 1 Januaryசனவரி 1912
| established_event4 = [[சீன உள்நாட்டுப் போர்|People's Republic proclaimed]]
| established_date4 = 1 Octoberஒக்டோபர் 1949
| area_km2 = 9,596,961
| area_footnote = {{efn|The area given is the official United Nations figure for [[Mainland China|the mainland]] and excludes [[ஆங்காங்]], [[மக்காவு]] and [[சீனக் குடியரசு]].<ref name="UN Stat">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density |publisher=UN Statistics |year=2007|accessdate=31 Julyசூலை 2010}}</ref> It also excludes the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] ({{convert|5800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}), [[அக்சாய் சின்]] ({{convert|37244|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as {{convert|9572900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} by the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China |title=China |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=16 Novemberநவம்பர் 2012}}</ref> For further information, see [[Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China]].}}
| area_sq_mi = 3,705,407 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| area_rank = 3rd/4th
வரிசை 74:
| population_census_rank = 1st
| population_density_km2 = 2013 :<ref>{{cite web|title=Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST|publisher=IMF|accessdate=16 Mayமே 2015}}</ref> 145
| population_density_sq_mi = 373 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| population_density_rank = 83rd
வரிசை 83:
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 75th
| GDP_PPP_year = 2015
| GDP_PPP = $18.976 trillion<ref name="China GDP">{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: China|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&pr.y=18&sy=2012&ey=2019&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|work=World Economic Outlook|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date= Aprilஏப்ரல் 2015|accessdate=25 Aprilஏப்ரல் 2015}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 1st
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $13,801<ref name="China GDP" />
வரிசை 90:
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini = 46.9 <!--number only-->
| Gini_ref = <ref name=PNAS>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |format=PDF |title=2015 Human Development Report Summary |date=2015 |accessdate=14 Decemberதிசம்பர் 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=17}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI = 0.727 <!--number only-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |date=2014 |accessdate=14 Decemberதிசம்பர் 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 90th
| currency = [[ரென்மின்பி]] (yuan)(¥){{efn|The [[ஹொங்கொங் டொலர்]] is used in [[ஆங்காங்]] and the [[Macanese pataca]] is used in [[மக்காவு]].}}
வரிசை 161:
 
== வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
{{Sister project links|voy=China|China}}<!-- -->
* [http://ta1.chinabroadcast.cn/chinaabc/ சீனத் தமிழ் வானொலியின் சீனா பற்றிய அறிமுகப்பக்கம்]
;Overviews
* [http://cdjm.blogspot.com/2006/04/blog-post.html சீனரும் மதமும்]
* [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/china/home.html China at a Glance] from ''[[பீப்புள்ஸ் டெய்லி]]''
* [http://mynose.blogspot.com/2006/01/blog-post_04.html சீனர்களின் சமூக கலாச்சார கூறுகளும் சம்பிரதாயங்களும்]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13017877 BBC News – China Profile]
* [http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html சீன நாட்டின் அரசியல் வரலாற்று சுருக்கம்]
* {{CIA World Factbook link|ch|China}}
* [http://library.thinkquest.org/20443/ சீனர்களின் கலாச்சாரம்]
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/china.htm China, People's Republic of] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/China}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China China]'s ''[[பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம்]]'' entry
* [http://www.monthlyreview.org/1105wu.htm "Rethinking 'Capitalist Restoration' in China"] by Yiching Wu
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CN Key Development Forecasts for China] from [[International Futures]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110121002102/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/china/ "China on the Rise"]. PBS Online NewsHour. ஒக்டோபர் 2005.
* [http://www.chinatoday.com/ ChinaToday.com]
 
;Government
* [http://english.gov.cn/ The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China] {{Link language|en}}
* [http://www.china.org.cn/ China Internet Information Center] {{Link language|en}}—Authorized government portal site to China
 
;Studies
* [http://www.ifri.org/en/publications/enotes/proliferation-papers/assertive-pragmatism-chinas-economic-rise-and-its-impact "Assertive Pragmatism: China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Chinese Foreign Policy"]. Minxin Pei (2006). IFRI Proliferation Papers. No. 15.
 
;Travel
* [http://www.cnto.org/ China National Tourist Office] (CNTO)
 
;Maps
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=China&ll=30.600094,103.710938&spn=64.10009,177.1875&om=1 Google Maps—China]
* {{Wikiatlas|the People's Republic of China}}
 
{{Geographic location
| Centre = {{PRC}}
| North = {{RUS}}<br />{{MNG}}
| Northeast = {{RUS}}
| East = {{PRK}}<br />[[மஞ்சள் கடல்]]<br />[[கிழக்கு சீனக்கடல்]]
| Southeast = {{TWN-ROC}}<br />[[தென்சீனக் கடல்]]
| South = {{IND}}<br />{{MMR}}<br />{{LAO}}<br />{{VNM}}
| Southwest = {{PAK}}<br />{{IND}}<br />{{NPL}}<br />{{BTN}}
| West = {{KGZ}}<br />{{TJK}}<br />{{AFG}}
| Northwest = {{KAZ}}<br />{{RUS}}
}}
 
{{Coord|35|N|103|E|type:country|display=title}}
 
{{ஆசிய நாடுகள்}}
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