ரைன் ஆறு: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு
உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
அடையாளம்: 2017 source edit |
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வரிசை 27:
இதன் பாயும் பகுதி வழக்கமாக பின்வருமாறு பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது:
{|class="wikitable"
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|நீளம் || பிரிவு || சராசரி வெளியேற்றுதல் அளவு || உயர ஏற்றம் || இடது கிளையாறுகள் (முழுமை பெறாதவை) || வலது கிளையாறுகள் (முழுமை பெறாதவை)
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| 76 km<ref group=remark>length of the Vorderrhein (including [[Rein da Medel]])</ref> || பல்வேறு [[sources of the Rhine|மூலங்கள்]] மற்றும் தலை எனப்படும் முன்னீர் உற்பத்தி [[Vorderrhein]] மற்றும் [[Hinterrhein (ஆறு)|Hinterrhein]] within [[Grisons]], Switzerland || 114 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref>sum of Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein discharges according to ''Hydrologischer Atlas der Schweiz'', 2002, Tab. 5.4 "Natürliche Abflüsse 1961–1980".</ref>
|| 584 m || [[Aua Russein]], [[Schmuèr]]<ref name=STVR>{{cite map |publisher=Federal Office for the Environment FOEN |url=https://s.geo.admin.ch/69348abdd3 |title=Vorderrhein |map-url=http://www.gewiss.ch |map=Maps of Switzerland – Swiss Confederation – GEWISS |type=online map |language=German |date=2014 |place=Berne, Switzerland |cartography=Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |via=http://map.geo.admin.ch |scale=Gewässernetz 1:2 Mio |series=National Map 1:200 000 |accessdate=2016-01-04}}</ref> || [[Rein da Tuma]], [[Rein da Curnera]], [[Rein da Medel]], [[Rein da Sumvitg]] ([[Rein da Vigliuts]]), [[Glogn]] ([[Valser Rhine]]), [[Rabiusa]], [[Hinterrhein (river)|Hinterrhein]] (right: [[Ragn da Ferrera]], [[Albula (river)|Albula/Alvra]] (left: [[Gelgia (river)|Gelgia]]; right: [[Landwasser]]))<ref name=STVR/>
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| c. 90 km || The [[Alpine Rhine]] along the Rhine Valley (forming part of the [[Austrian-Swiss border|Austrian-Swiss]] and [[Liechtenstein]] border). || || 400 m || [[Tamina]]<ref name=STAR>{{cite map |publisher=Federal Office for the Environment FOEN |url=https://s.geo.admin.ch/6934a65dad |title=Alpenrhein |map-url=http://www.gewiss.ch |map=Maps of Switzerland – Swiss Confederation – GEWISS |type=online map |language=German |date=2014 |place=Berne, Switzerland |cartography=Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |via=http://map.geo.admin.ch |scale=Gewässernetz 1:2 Mio |series=National Map 1:2 Mio |accessdate=2016-01-04}}</ref> || [[Plessur (river)|Plessur]], [[Landquart (river)|Landquart]],<ref name=STAR/> [[Ill (Austria)|Ill]]
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| c. 60 km || [[Lake Constance]], including the short channel called [[Seerhein]] at [[Constance]], connecting [[Obersee (Lake Constance)]] and [[Untersee (Lake Constance)]]; || || 395 m || [[Goldach (river)|Goldach]]<ref name=STLC>{{cite map |publisher=Federal Office for the Environment FOEN |url=https://s.geo.admin.ch/693cf9db17 |title=Lake Constance |map-url=http://www.gewiss.ch |map=Maps of Switzerland – Swiss Confederation – GEWISS |type=online map |language=German |date=2014 |place=Berne, Switzerland |cartography=Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |via=http://map.geo.admin.ch |scale=Gewässernetz 1:200 000, Flussordnung |series=National Map 1:2 Mio |accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref> || [[Dornbirner Ach]], [[Leiblach]], [[Schussen]], [[Rotach]], [[Brunnisaach]], [[Lipbach]], [[Seefelder Aach]], [[Radolfzeller Aach]]<ref name=STLC/>
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| c. 150 km<ref group=remark>Constance to Basel: ''Rheinkilometer'' 0–167.</ref> || the [[High Rhine]] from the exit of Lake Constance to [[Basel]], forming a substantial part of the [[German-Swiss border]] || 1,300 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref>Average over the period 1961–1990: 1,297 m<sup>3</sup>/s (M. Spreafico und R. Weingartner, ''Hydrologie der Schweiz: Ausgewählte Aspekte und Resultate'', Berichte des BWG, 2005, citing Schädler and Weingartner, 2002); regular yearly peak at 2,500 m<sup>3</sup>/s, exceptional peaks above 4,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s. Simon Scherrer, Armin Petrascheck, Hanspeter Hode, ''[http://www.scherrer-hydrol.ch/pdf/scherrer/scherrer_etal_wel_2006_extreme_hochwasser_HQ.pdf Extreme Hochwasser des Rheins bei Basel – Herleitung von Szenarien]'' (2006).</ref>
| 246 m|| [[Thur (Switzerland)|Thur]], [[Töss (river)|Töss]], [[Glatt (river)|Glatt]], [[Aare (river)|Aare]],<ref group=remark>At the confluence of Aare and Rhine, the Aare at 560 m³/s carries more water on average than the Rhine at 439 m³/s, so that hydrographically speaking the Rhine is a right tributary of the Aare.</ref> [[Ergolz]], [[Birs]]<ref name=STHR>{{cite map |publisher=Federal Office for the Environment FOEN |url=https://s.geo.admin.ch/693cf9db17 |title=High Rhine |map-url=http://www.gewiss.ch |map=Maps of Switzerland – Swiss Confederation – GEWISS |type=online map |language=German |date=2014 |place=Berne, Switzerland |cartography=Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |via=http://map.geo.admin.ch |scale=Gewässernetz 1:2 Mio |series=National Map 1:2 Mio |accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref> || [[Wutach (river)|Wutach]]<ref name=STHR/>
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| 362 km<ref group=remark>Basel to Bingen: ''Rheinkilometer'' 167–529.</ref> || the [[Upper Rhine]] from Basel to [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]] forming the [[Upper Rhine Plain]] and in its upper course the [[Franco-German border]] || || 79 m || [[Ill (France)|Ill]], [[Moder (river)|Moder]], [[Lauter (Rhine)|Lauter]], [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] || [[Wiese]], [[Elz (Rhine)]], [[Kinzig (Rhine)]], [[Rench]], [[Acher]], [[Murg (Northern Black Forest)|Murg]], [[Alb (Northern Black Forest)|Alb]], [[Pfinz]], [[Neckar]], [[Main (river)|Main]]
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| 159 km<ref group=remark>Bingen to Cologne: ''Rheinkilometer'' 529–688 (159 km); there is no unambiguous definition of the Middle Rhine, some would prefer to have it begin further upstream, at the mouth of the Main.</ref> || the [[Middle Rhine]] between Bingen and either [[Bonn]] or [[Cologne]] is entirely within Germany, passing the [[Rhine Gorge]]; || || 45 m || [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]], [[Nette (Rhine)|Nette]], [[Ahr]] || [[Lahn]], [[Wied (river)|Wied]], [[Sieg]]
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| 177 km<ref group=remark>''Rheinkilometer'' 688–865.5 (177.5 km) from Cologne to the Dutch-German border</ref> || the [[Lower Rhine]] downstream of Bonn, passing the [[Lower Rhine region]] of [[Northrhine-Westphalia]] || || 11 m || [[Erft]] || [[Wupper]], [[Düssel]], [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], [[Emscher]], [[Lippe (river)|Lippe]]
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| c. 50 km || the [[Nederrijn]] or "Nether Rhine" (shortened course of [[Oude Rijn (Gelderland)|Oude Rijn]] within the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]] in the Netherlands. || 2,900 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref group=remark>the total discharge of the Rhine is subject to significant fluctuations, and average values cited vary between sources; the total discharge taken into account here consists of:
[[Maasmond]]: 1450 m<sup>3</sup>/s,
[[Haringvliet]]: 820 m<sup>3</sup>/s,
[[Den Oever]]: 310 m<sup>3</sup>/s,
[[Kornwerderzand]]: 220 m<sup>3</sup>/s,
[[IJmuiden]]: 9 m<sup>3</sup>/s,
[[Scheldt–Rhine Canal]] 10 m<sup>3</sup>/s</ref> || 0 m || [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]] || [[Oude IJssel]], [[Berkel]]
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{{reflist|group=remark}}
== உயர் ரைன் (Higher Rhein) ==
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