பருத்தி: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
வரிசை 32:
 
மிக முந்திய பழைய உலகப் பருத்தியின் பயன்பாடு கிமு 5500 ஆண்டளவுக்கும் முந்தையதாகும். இது புதிய கற்காலக் களமான மெக்ரகாரில் செம்பு மணிகளில் இன்றைய பக்கித்தான், பலூச்சித்தானில் போலன் கணவாயின் மலைச் சாரலில் கிடைத்தது.<ref name="Mithen2006">{{citation|last=Mithen|first=Steven|title=After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVygmardAA4C&pg=PA411|year=2006|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01999-7|pages=411–412}} Quote: "One of the funerary chambers, dating to around 5500 BC, had contained an adult male lying on his side with legs flexed backward and a young child, approximately one or two years old, at his feet. Next to the adult's left wrist were eight copper beads which had once formed a bracelet. As such metal beads were only found in one other Neolithic burial at Mehrgarh, he must have been an extraordinarily wealthy and important person. Microscopic analysis showed that each bead had been made by beating and heating copper ore into a thin sheet which had then been rolled around a narrow rod. Substantial corrosion prevented a detailed technological study of the beads; yet this turned out to be a blessing as the corrosion had led to the preservation of something quite remarkable inside one of the beads — a piece of cotton. ... After further microscopic study, the fibres were unquestionably identified as cotton; it was, in fact, a bundle of both unripe and ripe fibres that had been wound together to make a thread, these being differentiated by the thickness of their cell walls. As such, this copper bead contained the earliest known use of cotton in the world by at least a thousand years. The next earliest was also found at Mehrgarh: a collection of cotton seeds discovered amidst charred wheat and barley grains outside one of its mud-brick rooms."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1006/jasc.2001.0779| title = First Evidence of Cotton at Neolithic Mehrgarh, Pakistan: Analysis of Mineralized Fibres from a Copper Bead| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science| volume = 29| issue = 12| pages = 1393–1401| year = 2002| last1 = Moulherat | first1 = C. | last2 = Tengberg | first2 = M. | last3 = Haquet | first3 = J. R. M. F. | last4 = Mille | first4 = B. ̂T. }} Quote: "The metallurgical analysis of a copper bead from a Neolithic burial (6th millennium bc ) at Mehrgarh, Pakistan, allowed the recovery of several threads, preserved by mineralization. They were characterized according to new procedure, combining the use of a reflected-light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and identified as cotton (Gossypium sp.). The Mehrgarh fibres constitute the earliest known example of cotton in the Old World and put the date of the first use of this textile plant back by more than a millennium. Even though it is not possible to ascertain that the fibres came from an already domesticated species, the evidence suggests an early origin, possibly in the Kachi Plain, of one of the Old World cottons.</ref><ref name="JIAPAN2018">{{cite journal|last1=JIA|first1=Yinhua|last2=PAN|first2=Zhaoe|last3=HE|first3=Shoupu|last4=GONG|first4=Wenfang|last5=GENG|first5=Xiaoli|last6=PANG|first6=Baoyin|last7=WANG|first7=Liru|last8=DU|first8=Xiongming|title=Genetic diversity and population structure of Gossypium arboreum L. collected in China|journal=Journal of Cotton Research|volume=1|issue=1|year=2018|issn=2523-3254|doi=10.1186/s42397-018-0011-0}} Quote: "Gossypium arboreum is a diploid species cultivated in the Old World. It was first domesticated near the Indus Valley before 6000 BC (Moulherat et al. 2002)."</ref>
 
கி.மு 1500 ஆம் ஆண்டளவில் எழுதப்பட்ட ரிக்-வேதத்திலும் பருத்தி பற்றிய குறிப்புகள் உள்ளன. கி.மு. 2500 ஆம் ஆண்டு இந்தியப் பருத்தி பற்றிப் புகழ்பெற்ற கிரேக்க வரலாற்றாளர் எரோடோட்டசு "அங்கு செம்மறி ஆட்டிலிருந்து கிடைப்பதை விட அழகான, அதே அளவு தரமான கம்பளி, காடு போல் வளரும் மரங்களில் இருந்து கிடைக்கிறது. இந்திய மக்கள் இம் மரக் கம்பளி இழையிலிருந்து உடைகள் நெய்து கொள்கின்றனர்" என்று குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளார் (புத்தகம் iii. 106).
 
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