பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்கிளின்: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
சி அராய்ச்சி
வரிசை 76:
== மேற்கோள்கள் ==
{{reflist}}
 
== உசாத்துணை ==
* [[Carl Lotus Becker|Becker, Carl Lotus]]. "Benjamin Franklin," ''Dictionary of American Biography'' (1931) – vol 3, with hot links [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/franklin.htm#becker online]
* Brands, H.A.. ''The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin'' (2000)- excellent long scholarly biography [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0385495404/ excerpt and text search]
* {{Cite book|first=Walter|last=Isaacson|authorlink=Walter Isaacson| title=Benjamin Franklin: An American Life| year=2003| location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-6084-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=oIW915dDMBwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Benjamin+Franklin:+An+American+Life#v=onepage&q&f=false}}, well written popular biography
* Ketcham, Ralph. ''Benjamin Franklin'' (1966) 228 pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=34300175 online edition], short biography by scholar
* [[J. A. Leo Lemay|Lemay, J. A. Leo]]. ''The Life of Benjamin Franklin'' the most detailed scholarly biography, with very little interpretation; 3 volumes appeared before the author's death in 2008
** ''Volume 1: Journalist, 1706–1730'' (2005) 568pp [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812238540/ excerpt and text search]
** ''Volume 2: Printer and Publisher, 1730–1747'' (2005) 664pp; [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812238559/ excerpt and text search]
** ''Volume 3: Soldier, Scientist, and Politician, 1748–1757'' (2008), 768pp [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812241215/ excerpt and text search]
* [[Edmund Morgan (historian)|Morgan, Edmund S]]. ''Benjamin Franklin'' (2003) the best short introduction [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0300101627/ excerpt and text search], interpretation by leading scholar
* [[Stacy Schiff|Schiff, Stacy]], ''A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America'', (2005) Henry Holt
* [[Carl Clinton Van Doren|Van Doren, Carl]]. ''Benjamin Franklin'' (1938), standard older biography [http://www.amazon.com/dp/193154185X/ excerpt and text search]
* [[Gordon S. Wood|Wood, Gordon]]. ''The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin'' (2005), influential intellectual history by leading historian. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0143035282/ excerpt and text search]
* [[Esmond Wright|Wright, Esmond]]. ''Franklin of Philadelphia'' (1986) – excellent scholarly study [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0674318102/ excerpt and text search]
'''For Young Readers'''
* [[Isaac Asimov|Asimov, Isaac]]. ''The Kite That Won The Revolution'', a biography for children that focuses on Franklin's scientific and diplomatic contributions.
* Fleming, Candace. ''Ben Franklin's Almanac: Being a True Account of the Good Gentleman's Life.'' Atheneum/Anne Schwart, 2003, 128 pages, {{ISBN|978-0-689-83549-0}}.
* Anderson, Douglas. ''The Radical Enlightenments of Benjamin Franklin'' (1997) – fresh look at the intellectual roots of Franklin
* Buxbaum, M.H., ed. ''Critical Essays on Benjamin Franklin'' (1987)
* Chaplin, Joyce. ''The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius.'' (2007)
* Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Benjamin Franklin's Science'' (1990) – Cohen, the leading specialist, has several books on Franklin's science
* Conner, Paul W. ''Poor Richard's Politicks'' (1965) – analyzes Franklin's ideas in terms of the Enlightenment and republicanism
* Dull, Jonathan. ''A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution'' (1985)
* [[Philip Dray|Dray, Philip]]. ''Stealing God's Thunder: Benjamin Franklin's Lightning Rod and the Invention of America.'' (2005). 279 pp.
* Ford, Paul Leicester. ''The Many-Sided Franklin'' (1899) [http://books.google.com/books?id=lU8j4QVPP_MC&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Many-Sided+intitle:Franklin+inauthor:ford&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0&ei=FyIRTM33BoiIkgTx-oy4CQ online edition] – collection of scholarly essays
** [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=ABP2287-0057-169 "Franklin as Printer and Publisher"] in ''The Century'' (April 1899) v. 57 pp. 803–18.
** [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=ABP2287-0058-172 "Franklin as Scientist"] in ''The Century'' (September 1899) v.57 pp. 750–63. By Paul Leicester Ford.
** [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=ABP2287-0058-201 "Franklin as Politician and Diplomatist"] in ''The Century'' (October 1899) v. 57 pp. 881–899. By Paul Leicester Ford.
* Gleason, Philip. "Trouble in the Colonial Melting Pot." ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' 2000 20(1): 3–17. ISSN 0278-5927 Fulltext online in Ingenta and Ebsco. Considers the political consequences of the remarks in a 1751 pamphlet by Franklin on demographic growth and its implications for the colonies. He called the [[Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Germans]] "Palatine Boors" who could never acquire the "Complexion" of the English settlers and to "Blacks and Tawneys" as weakening the [[social structure]] of the colonies. Although Franklin apparently reconsidered shortly thereafter, and the phrases were omitted from all later printings of the pamphlet, his views may have played a role in his political defeat in 1764.
* Houston, Alan. ''Benjamin Franklin and the Politics of Improvement'' (2009)
* Lemay, J. A. Leo, ed. ''Reappraising Benjamin Franklin: A Bicentennial Perspective'' (1993) – scholarly essays
* Mathews, L. K. “Benjamin Franklin’s Plans for a Colonial Union, 1750–1775.” ''American Political Science Review'' 8 (August 1914): 393–412.
* Olson, Lester C. ''Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology.'' (2004). 323 pp.
* McCoy, Drew R. "Benjamin Franklin's Vision of a Republican Political Economy for America." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 1978 35(4): 607–628. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1923207 in JSTOR]
* Newman, Simon P. "Benjamin Franklin and the Leather-Apron Men: The Politics of Class in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia," ''Journal of American Studies,'' August 2009, Vol. 43#2 pp 161–175; Franklin took pride in his working class origins and his printer's skills
* Schiff, Stacy. ''A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America'' (2005) (UK title ''Dr Franklin Goes to France'')
* Schiffer, Michael Brian. ''Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment.'' (2003). 383 pp.
* [http://www.bartleby.com/225/index.html#6 Stuart Sherman "Franklin"] 1918 article on Franklin's writings.
* Skemp, Sheila L. ''Benjamin and William Franklin: Father and Son, Patriot and Loyalist'' (1994)- Ben's son was a leading Loyalist
* Sletcher, Michael. 'Domesticity: The Human Side of Benjamin Franklin', ''Magazine of History'', XXI (2006).
* Waldstreicher, David. ''Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution.'' Hill and Wang, 2004. 315 pp.
* [[Kerry S. Walters|Walters, Kerry S.]] ''Benjamin Franklin and His Gods.'' (1999). 213 pp. Takes position midway between D. H. Lawrence's brutal 1930 denunciation of Franklin's religion as nothing more than a bourgeois commercialism tricked out in shallow utilitarian moralisms and [[Owen Aldridge]]'s sympathetic 1967 treatment of the dynamism and protean character of Franklin's "polytheistic" religion.
* York, Neil. "When Words Fail: William Pitt, Benjamin Franklin and the Imperial Crisis of 1766," ''Parliamentary History,'' October 2009, Vol. 28#3 pp 341–374
* ''Silence Dogood, The Busy-Body, & Early Writings'' (J.A. Leo Lemay, ed.) ([[Library of America]], 1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume) {{ISBN|978-1-931082-22-8}}
* ''Autobiography, Poor Richard, & Later Writings'' (J.A. Leo Lemay, ed.) ([[Library of America]], 1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume) {{ISBN|978-1-883011-53-6}}
* ''Benjamin Franklin Reader'' edited by Walter Isaacson (2003)
* ''Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography'' edited by J. A. Leo Lemay and P. M. Zall, (Norton Critical Editions, 1986); 390pp; text, contemporary documents and 20th century analysis
* Houston, Alan, ed. ''Franklin: The Autobiography and other Writings on Politics, Economics, and Virtue.'' [[கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்]], 2004. 371 pp.
* Ketcham, Ralph, ed. ''The Political Thought of Benjamin Franklin.'' (1965, reprinted 2003). 459 pp.
* Leonard Labaree, and others., eds., ''[http://www.yale.edu/franklinpapers/index.html The Papers of Benjamin Franklin]'', 39 vols. to date (1959–2008), definitive edition, through 1783. This massive collection of BF's writings, and letters to him, is available in large academic libraries. It is most useful for detailed research on specific topics. [http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/ The complete text of all the documents are online and searchable]; [http://www.yale.edu/franklinpapers/indexintro.html The ''Index'' is also online]{{dead link|date=April 2011}}.
* "''[[The Way to Wealth]]''." Applewood Books; November 1986. {{ISBN|0-918222-88-5}}
* "''[[Poor Richard's Almanack]]''." Peter Pauper Press; November 1983. {{ISBN|0-88088-918-7}}
* ''Poor Richard Improved'' by Benjamin Franklin (1751)
* "''Writings (Franklin)|Writings''." {{ISBN|0-940450-29-1}}
* "''On Marriage''."
* "''Satires and Bagatelles''."
* "''[[A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain]]''."
* "''Fart Proudly: Writings of Benjamin Franklin You Never Read in School''." Carl Japikse, Ed. Frog Ltd.; Reprint ed. May 2003. {{ISBN|1-58394-079-0}}
* "''Heroes of America Benjamin Franklin"''
 
{{Spoken Wikipedia-3|2008-08-04|Benjamin Franklin 1.ogg|Benjamin Franklin 2.ogg|Benjamin Franklin 3.ogg}}
{{Sister project links|s=Author:Benjamin Franklin}}
* [http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/benjamin-franklins-many-hats Lesson plans for high schools] from National Endowment for the Humanities
* [http://www.theholidayspot.com/july4/benjamin_franklin.htm The Classic Speech of Benjamin Franklin]
* [http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/personal_pages/bob_m/ Benjamin Franklin and Electrostatics] experiments and Franklin's electrical writings from Wright Center for Science Education, Tufts University
* {{IMDb title|id=0956098|title=Animated Hero Classics: Benjamin Franklin (1993)}}
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/ockhamsrazor/stories/2006/1814928.htm Franklin's impact on medicine] — talk by medical historian, Dr. Jim Leavesley celebrating the 300th anniversary of Franklin's birth on ''Okham's Razor'' ABC [[Radio National]] — December 2006
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-43402}}
*{{Find a Grave|364}}
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20030704024551/http://www.time.com/time/2003/franklin/bffranklin.html Special Report: Citizen Ben's Greatest Virtues] Time Magazine
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/franklin/franklin.html Finding Franklin: A Resource Guide] Library of Congress
* [http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/franklin.htm Guide to Benjamin Franklin] By a history professor at the University of Illinois.
* [http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/ Benjamin Franklin: An extraordinary life] PBS
* [http://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/BFranklin Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776–1785] US State Department
* [http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ The Electric Benjamin Franklin] ushistory.org
* [http://www.english.udel.edu/lemay/franklin/ Benjamin Franklin: A Documentary History] by J. A. Leo Lemay
* [http://www.colonialhall.com/franklin/franklin.php Benjamin Franklin 1706–1790] Text of biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
* [http://www.coopheroes.coop/inductees/franklin.html Cooperative Hall of Fame testimonial] for founding the [[Philadelphia Contributionship]]
* [http://www.librarything.com/profile/BenjaminFranklin Online edition of Franklin's personal library]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Franklin, Benjamin}}
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Franklin_Benjamin}}
*[http://www.americanwriters.org/writers/franklin.asp Benjamin Franklin] at [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Writers: A Journey Through History]]''
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/170126-1/James+Srodes.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with James Srodes on ''Franklin: The Essential Founding Father'', May 19, 2002.]
* [http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/ Yale edition of complete works], the standard scholarly edition
* {{gutenberg author|id=Benjamin+Franklin | name=Benjamin Franklin}}
* [http://www.bartleby.com/people/FranklinB.html Online Works by Benjamin Franklin]
* [http://literalsystems.org/abooks/index.php/Audio-Book/DialogueBetweenFranklinAndTheGout "Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout"] Creative Commons audio recording.
* [http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Franklin/Franklin.html American Institute of Physics]{{spaced ndash}} [http://www.aip.org/history/gap/PDF/franklin_letterIV.pdf Letter IV: Farther Experiments] ([[பி.டி.எவ்]]), and [http://www.aip.org/history/gap/PDF/franklin_letterXI.pdf Letter XI: Observations in electricity] ([[பி.டி.எவ்]])
* [http://www.ftrain.com/franklin_improving_self.html Franklin's 13 Virtues] Extract of Franklin's autobiography, compiled by Paul Ford.
* [http://sln.fi.edu/franklin/family/lastwill.html Franklin's Last Will & Testament] Transcription.
* [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/franklin-home.html Library of Congress web resource: ''Benajmin Franklin ...In His Own Words'']
* [http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/autobiography/index.htm The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin] [http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/autobiography/singlehtml.htm Single page version], UShistory.org
* [http://publicliterature.org/books/benjamin_franklin/xaa.php ''The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin''] text and audio
* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/Franklin/toc.html The Autobiography] from American Studies at the University of Virginia.
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/148 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin] Project Gutenberg
* [http://librivox.org/the-autobigraphy-of-benjamin-franklin-ed-by-frank-woodworth-pine/ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin] LibriVox recording
* [http://www.benfranklin300.com/ Benjamin Franklin 300 (1706–2006)] Official web site of the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary.
* The [http://www.hsp.org/files/findingaid215franklin.pdf Historical Society of Pennsylvania Collection of Benjamin Franklin Papers], including correspondence, government documents, writings and a copy of his will, are available for research use at the [[Historical Society of Pennsylvania]].
* [http://www.benjaminfranklinhouse.org/ The Benjamin Franklin House] Franklin's only surviving residence.
* [http://www.planetware.com/boston/ben-franklin-birthplace-us-ma-ben.htm Ben Franklin Birthplace] A historic site, link provides location and map.
* [http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/mamusic.htm Franklin and Music]
 
== வெளி இணைப்புகள் ==
"https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/பெஞ்சமின்_பிராங்கிளின்" இலிருந்து மீள்விக்கப்பட்டது