அமேசான்.காம்: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
சி தானியங்கிஇணைப்பு: en:Amazon.comஅழிப்பு: ta:அமேசான்.வணி
tamil, Replaced: United States → ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா (16), using AWB
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{{Infobox Dotcom company
| company_name = அமேசான்.காம் இன்கு.
| company_logo = [[Image:Amazon.com_logocom logo.svg|225px]]
| company_type = [[Public company|பொது]] ({{nasdaq|AMZN}})
| foundation = [[1994]]
| founder = [[Jeff Bezos|செப்ரே பி. பீசாசு]]
| location_city = [[சியாட்டல்]], [[வாசிங்டன்|WA]]
| location_country = [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா|அமேரிக்கா]]
| area_served = [[World|உலகம் முழுவதும்]]
| key_people = [[Jeff Bezos|செப்ரே பி. பீசாசு]]<br><small>([[Chairman]]), ([[chief executive officer|CEO]]) & ([[President]])</small>
| num_employees = 20,500 (''2008'')<ref name=zenobank>{{cite web |url=http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=AMZN&page=quotesearch |title=Company Profile for Amazon.com Inc (AMZN) |accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>
| industry = [[Retail]]
| revenue = {{profit}} [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]] 19.166 [[பில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| operating_income = {{profit}} [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]] 842 [[மில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| net_income = {{profit}} [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]] 645 [[மில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| assets = {{increase}} [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]] 8.314 [[பில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| equity = {{increase}} [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]] 2.672 [[பில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| market cap = $21.27 [[பில்லியன்]] (''2008'')
| products = அமேசான்.வணி<br>[[A9.com|ஏ9]]<br>[[Alexa Internet|அலேக்சா இணையம்]]<br>[[Internet Movie Database|ஐ.எம்.டி.பி]]<br>[[அமேசான் கிண்டுல்]] <br>[[அமேசான் வலை சேவைகள்]]
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}}
 
'''அமேசான்.காம், இன்கு''' (amazon.com, [[நாஸ்டாக்]]: AMZN) என்பது [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா|அமேரிக்க]] [[multinational corporation|பன்நாட்டு]] [[இணைய வணிக]] நிறுவனமாகும். இது [[சியாட்டல்]], [[வாசிங்டன்|வாசிங்டனில்]] உள்ளது., இது அமேரிக்காவிலேயே இருக்கும் ஒரு மிகப்பெரிய [[இணைய அங்காடி]]யாகும். இதன் இணைய விற்பனை [[Staples, Inc.|ஸ்டெப்பிள்சு]] நிருவனத்தினை விட மூன்று மடங்கு அதிகமாகும்<ref>http://www.internetretailer.com/top500/list.asp</ref>
 
[[செப் பீசாசு]] அமேசான்.காம்மை 1994ல் தொடங்கி, 1995ஆம் ஆண்டு இணையத்தில் வெளியிட்டார். இது ஒரு இணைய புத்தக அங்காடியாக தொடங்கப்பட்டது. விரைவில் பலத்தரப்பட்ட பொருள்களை விற்க ஆரம்பித்தது. அவை டி.வி.டி, இசை [[குறுந்தட்டு]]கள் மற்றும் எம்.பி.3க்கள், கணினி மென்பொருகள், விழி விளையாட்டுகள், எலெக்டிரானிக்சுகள், துணிகள், உணாவுகள் மற்றும் பொம்மைகள் ஆகும். அமேசான் தனக்கென தனியான தளத்தினை முக்கிய நாடுகளில் நிருவியுள்ளது. அவை கனெடா, யுனைட்டு கிங்டம், செர்மனி, பிரான்சு, சீனா, சப்பான் ஆகும். சர்வதேச அளவில் பொருட்களை தனது வாடிக்கையாளர்களுக்கு எடுத்துச்செல்கிறது.
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The company began as an online [[bookstore]];<ref name=nyt10years /> while the largest [[brick and mortar business|brick-and-mortar]] bookstores and [[mail-order catalog]]s for books might offer 200,000 titles, an on-line bookstore could offer more. Bezos named the company "Amazon" after the world's [[Amazon River|biggest river]]. Since 2000, Amazon's logotype is an arrow leading from A to Z, representing customer satisfaction (as it forms a smile) and the goal to have every product in the alphabet.<ref name="a-to-z">[http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=70550&highlight= Amazon.com Introduces New Logo; New Design Communicates Customer Satisfaction and A-to-Z Selection]</ref>
 
In 1994, the company incorporated in the state of [[Washington]], beginning service in July 1995, and was reincorporated in 1996 in [[Delaware]]. The first book Amazon.com sold was [[Douglas Hofstadter]]'s ''[[Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies]]: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought''.<ref>Amazon.com's [http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-corporateTimeline company timeline]</ref> Amazon.com issued its [[initial public offering]] of stock on May 15, 1997, trading under the [[NASDAQ]] stock exchange symbol '''AMZN''', at an [[initial public offering|IPO]] price of [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா dollar|US$]]18.00 per share ($1.50 after three [[stock split]]s in the late 1990s).
 
Amazon's initial [[business plan]] was unusual: the company did not expect a profit for four to five years; the strategy was effective. Amazon grew steadily in the late 1990s while other Internet companies grew blindingly fast. Amazon's "slow" growth provoked stockholder complaints: that the company was not reaching profitability fast enough. When the [[dot-com bubble]] burst, and many e-companies went out of business, Amazon persevered, and, finally, turned its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2001: $5 million, just 1¢ per share, on revenues of more than $1 billion, but the profit was symbolically important.
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*In July 2005, Amazon purchased [[CreateSpace]] (formerly [[CustomFlix]]), a [[Scotts Valley, California]]-based distributor of on-demand DVDs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.com.com/Amazon+buys+DVD-on-demand+site/2100-1025_3-5783824.html|title= Amazon buys DVD-on-demand site|accessdate=2007-08-03}}</ref> Since the acquisition, CreateSpace has expanded its on-line services to include on-demand books and CDs, as well as video downloads. On July 30, 2007, the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] announced that it would make thousands of historic films available for purchase through CreateSpace.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of National Archives Films to Be Made Available Through CustomFlix Labs|url=http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2007/nr07-122.html|accessdate=2007-08-03}}</ref>
*In February 2006, Amazon acquired [[Shopbop]], a [[Madison, Wisconsin]]-based retailer of designer clothing and accessories for women.<ref>[http://wistechnology.com/article.php?id=2730 Wisconsin Technology Network: "Amazon acquires Madison-based Shopbop"]</ref>
*In May 2007, Amazon acquired [[dpreview.com]], a London-based digital photography review website created by [[Phil Askey]] as his personal hobby website and [[Brilliance Audio]], the largest independent publisher of [[audiobooks]] in the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Amazon_com-Acquires-Brilliance-Audio-1358|title=Amazon.com Acquires Brilliance Audio |work=[[Taume News]]|date=2007-05-27|accessdate=2007-05-28}}</ref>
*In January 2008, Amazon announced that it would acquire audiobook provider [[Audible.com]] for $300 million in cash.
*In June 2008, Amazon announced that it had acquired Fabric.com, an online fabric store.<ref>[http://www.internetretailer.com/dailyNews.asp?id=26889 Internet Retailer: "Amazon weaves Fabric.com into its e-commerce quilt"]</ref>
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;2004
Amazon also created "channels" to benefit certain causes. In 2004, Amazon's "Presidential Candidates" allowed customers to donate $5-2005–200 to the campaigns of [[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004 U.S. presidential hopefuls]]. Amazon has periodically reactivated a [[Red Cross]] donation channel after such tragedies as [[September 11 attacks|9/11]] and [[Hurricane Katrina]]. After the 2004 [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean]], Amazon set up an online donation channel to the [[American Red Cross]], waiving its processing fee. By January 2005, nearly 200,000 individuals had donated over $15.7 million in the US alone.<ref>''[https://americanredcross.com/pressrelease/0,1077,0_489_4152,00.html More than $43 Million Raised by Consumer Programs for Red Cross Tsunami Relief]'', [[American Red Cross]] press release, January 21, 2005.</ref>
 
;2005
:'''Prime''': Amazon Prime offers customers unlimited expedited shipping with no minimum purchase amount for a flat annual fee. The service also offers discounted priority shipping rates. Amazon launched the program in the continental Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா in 2005, in Japan in June 2007, in the United Kingdom and Germany in November 2007, and in France (as "Amazon Premium") in October 2008.
 
:'''Shorts''': Launched in 2005, Amazon Shorts offers exclusive short form content, including short stories and non-fiction pieces from best-selling authors, all available for immediate download at 49¢. As of June 2007, the program has over 1,700 pieces and is adding about 50 new pieces per week.
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On February 25, 2003, the company was granted a patent titled "Method and system for conducting a discussion relating to an item on [[Internet forum|Internet discussion board]]s".<ref>{{US patent reference|number=6525747|title=Method and system for conducting a discussion relating to an item|inventor=Bezos; Jeffrey P.|y=1999|m=08|d=02}}</ref>
 
On May 12, 2006, the [[Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா Patent and Trademark Office|USPTO]] ordered a re-examination<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/kiwi-actor-v-amazoncom/2006/05/23/1148150224714.html smh.com.au] Kiwi actor v Amazon.com</ref> of the "One-Click" patent, based on a request filed by [[Peter Calveley]], who cited as prior art an earlier e-commerce patent and the [[Digicash]] [[electronic cash]] system.<ref>[http://igdmlgd.blogspot.com igdmlgd blogspot<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Amazon acquired [[TextPayMe]], a [[mobile payment]] service in 2006. One of the assets acquired was a patent concerning an [[electronic payment]] service using a [[mobile device]].<ref name=TextPayMe>{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pwwi/is_200512/ai_n15918464 |title=Announcing the Launch of TextPayMe, a Revolutionary New Mobile Payment Solution}}</ref>
 
===Canadian operations===
Amazon has a Canadian site in both English and French, but is prevented from operating any headquarters, servers, fulfillment centers or call centers in Canada by that country's legal restrictions on foreign-owned booksellers. Instead, Amazon's Canadian site originates in the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா, and Amazon has an agreement with [[Canada Post]] to handle distribution within Canada and for the use of the [[Crown corporation]]'s [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]] shipping facility.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20020625/amazon_canada020625?s_name=&no_ads=|title=Amazon.ca debuts in Canada|work=[[CTV television network|CTV.ca]]|date=2002-06-25|accessdate=2006-12-19}}</ref> The launch of Amazon.ca generated controversy in Canada. In 2002, the [[Canadian Booksellers Association]] and [[Indigo Books and Music]] sought a court ruling that Amazon's partnership with Canada Post represented an attempt to circumvent Canadian law,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,54387,00.html|title=Book Biz Takes on Amazon.ca|work=[[Wired (magazine)]]|date=2002-08-08|accessdate=2006-12-19}}</ref> but the [[litigation]] was dropped in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gowlings.com/resources/enewsletters/ipreportonline/Htmfiles/V2N03_20040924.html#b4|title=Gowlings IP Report Online: Canadian Booksellers Association Abandons Amazon.ca Case|work=[[Gowlings]]|date=2004-09-24|accessdate=2006-12-19}}</ref>
 
===வாடிக்கையாளர் சேவை===
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===Labor relations===
Amazon has opposed efforts by [[trade unions]] to organize in both the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா and the United Kingdom.
 
In 2001, 850 employees in Seattle were laid off by Amazon.com after a unionization drive. The [[Washington Alliance of Technological Workers]] (WashTech) accused the company of violating union laws, and claimed Amazon managers subjected them to intimidation and heavy propaganda. Amazon denies any link between the unionization effort and the lay-offs.<ref name="Independent">[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010203/ai_n14364804 Short shrift for unions in Amazon's silicon jungle]</ref>
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Some employees of Amazon in the United Kingdom are required to submit to [[drug test]]s and can have their employment terminated on a positive test. However, the reliability of the tests has been called into question, as in the case of an Amazon worker who won a tribunal case against the company.<ref>http://www.greenocktelegraph.co.uk/article.php?sec=1&id=17371</ref>
 
===''The Humane Society of the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா v. Amazon.com, Inc., et al.''===
Amazon at one time carried two cockfighting magazines and two dog fighting videos although the [[Humane Society of the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா]] (HSUS) contends that the sale of these materials is a violation of [[U.S. Federal law]]. The Humane Society of the Unitedஐக்கிய Statesஅமெரிக்கா has filed a lawsuit against Amazon.<ref>[http://www.hsus.org/in_the_courts/docket/amazon.html The HSUS v. Amazon.com, Inc., et al. (Animal fighting materials) | The Humane Society of the United States<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A campaign to boycott Amazon purchases gained momentum in August 2007 after the much publicized [[Bad Newz Kennels dog fighting investigation|dog fighting case]] involving [[National Football League|NFL]] [[quarterback]] [[Michael Vick]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/business/media/27amazon.html | title=Humane Society has its sights on Amazon.com | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate = 2008-01-05}}</ref>
 
On May 21, 2008, Marburger Publishing agreed to settle with the Humane Society by requesting that Amazon stop offering their magazine ''The Game Cock''<!-- article text says Gamecock, but image clearly shows two words, from info too small to ever have Wikipedia article--> for subscription. The second magazine named in the Humane Society lawsuit, ''[[The Feathered Warrior]]'', remains available.<ref name="no-gamecock">{{cite news|title=Alleged Cockfight Mag To Stay Off Amazon |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/05/21/business/main4113055.shtml |work=Associated Press |publisher=CBS News |date=2008-05-21 |accessdate=2008-06-16 }}</ref>
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