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[[படிமம்:சென்னைதுறைமுகம்.jpg|thumb|right|[[சென்னை]] துறைமுகம்.]]
'''துறைமுகம்''' என்பது [[கப்பல்|கப்பல்கள்]] மற்றும் [[படகு|படகுகள்]] வந்து தங்கி செல்வதற்குரிய இடம் ஆகும். இங்கே கப்பல்களுக்கு வேண்டிய பொருட்கள், தொழிலாளருக்கு இருப்பிடம், போன்றன வழங்கப்படும். துறைமுகங்களை இயற்கைத் துறைமுகங்கள், செயற்கைத் துறைமுகங்கள் என இருவகைப் படுத்தலாம். இயற்கைத் துறைமுகங்கள் இராணுவ, பொருளாதாரக் காரணங்களால் முக்கியத்துவமுடையவையாக இருந்து வருகின்றன. துறைமுகங்கள் ஒரு நாட்டின் பொருளாதாரத்தை பறைசாற்றும் முக்கிய அம்சமாக உள்ளது. இது மிகப் பெரும் சரக்குகள், பொருட்களை ஒரு நாட்டில் இருந்து மற்ற நாடுகளுக்கு [[கடல் போக்குவரத்து|கடல் போக்குவரத்தின்]] மூலம் எடுத்துச் செல்ல உதவுகின்றன.A harbour is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy weather, or else are stored for future use. Harbors can be natural or artificial. An artificial harbor has deliberately-constructed breakwaters, sea walls, or jettys, or otherwise, they could have been constructed by dredging, and these require maintenance by further periodic dredging. In contrast, a natural harbor is surrounded on several sides by prominences of land. Harbors and ports are often confused with each other. A port is a facility for loading and unloading vessels; ports are usually located in harbors.
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Artificial harbors
Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The Colombo Harbour (known as Port of Kolomtota in the early 14th Century Kotte Kingdom) is the largest and busiest port in Sri Lanka. Located in Colombo, on the southwestern shores on the Kelani River, it serves as an important terminal in Asia due to its strategic location in the Indian Ocean. During the 1980s, the port underwent rapid modernization with the installation of Cranes, Gantries and other modern-day terminal requirements. Currently with a capacity of 4.1 million TEUs and a dredged depth of over 15 m (49 ft),[2] the Colombo Harbour is one of the busiest ports in the world, and ranks among the top 35 ports. It is also one of the biggest artificial harbours in the world handling most of the country's foreign trade.[3] It has an annual cargo tonnage of 30.9 million tons.[4] The port is also the naval base for Sri Lanka Navy Western Fleet under the Commander Western Naval Area (COMWEST).[citation needed] The Port of Colombo is home to the second tallest building in South Asia and is the center for many commercial interests.
Natural harbors
A natural harbor is a landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Many such harbors are rias. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic naval and economic importance, and many great cities of the world are located on them. Having a protected harbor reduces or eliminates the need for breakwaters as it will result in calmer waves inside the harbor.
The Trincomalee Harbour is a large natural harbour in Sri Lanka. Located in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka in the heart of the Indian Ocean, its strategic importance has shaped its recent history. There had been many sea battles to conquer the harbour. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and the English, each held it in turn.
The harbour, the fifth largest natural harbour in the world, is overlooked by terraced highlands, and its entrance is guarded by two headlands.
Galle is another natural Harbour. Rumassala in Unawatuna is a large mound-like hill, which forms the eastern protective barrier to the Galle harbour.
Fishing Port
A fishing port is a port or harbour for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. In recent decades, regulations to save fishing stock may limit the use of a fishing port, perhaps effectively closing it.
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