இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கி: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

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Mdmahir (பேச்சு | பங்களிப்புகள்)
சி பகுப்பு:மத்திய வங்கிகள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது using HotCat
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{{Infobox Central bank
|bank_name_in_local =
|image_1 = Central Bank of Sri LankaCbsl.jpg
|image_title_1 = இலங்கைCentral மத்தியBank வங்கிof Sri Lanka
|image_2 =
|image_title_2 =
|headquarters தலைமை அலுவலகம் = [[ கொழும்பு]]
|coordinates =
|நிறுவப்பட்ட ஆண்டு = 1950
|established = [[1950]]
|president ஆளுநர் = அஜித் N. A. L.நிவாட் கப்ரால்
|leader_title =ஆளுனர் Governor
|மத்திய வங்கி - இலங்கை
|bank_of =
|currency நாணயம் = [[ இலங்கை ரூபாய்]]ரூபா
|ஐஎஸ்ஓ 4217 குறியீடு = LKR
|currency_iso = Rs
|borrowing_rate =
|deposit_rate =
|website வெப்தளம் = [http://www.cbsl.gov.lk Central Bank of Sri Lanka]
|succeeded =
|footnotes =
}}
இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கி இலங்கையின் நாணய மேலாண்மைச் சபையாக விளங்குகின்றது. இது சுதந்திரமடைந்த இரு ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பின்னர் 1950இல் நிறுவப்பட்டது. இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கியின் நிறுவக ஆளுநராக ஜோன் எக்ஸ்ரர் இருந்த வேளையில் ஜே. ஆர். ஜெயவர்த்தன அவர்கள் அப்போதைய நிதியமைச்சராக இருந்தார். அதுவரை நாட்டின் நாணய வழங்கலுக்குப் பொறுப்பாக இருந்த பணச் சபைக்குப் பதிலாக இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கி ஏற்படுத்தப்பட்டது. இது ஆசிய தீர்ப்பனவு ஒன்றியத்தின் உறுப்பினராக உள்ளது.
 
வங்கியானது, இலங்கையில் நாணயக் கொள்கையினை கொண்டு நடத்துவதற்குப் பொறுப்பாக இருப்பதுடன் நிதியியல் முறைமையினை மேற்பார்வை செய்வதற்கான பரந்தளவு அதிகாரங்களையும் கொண்டிருக்கின்றது.
'''இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கி''' (''Central Bank of Sri Lanka'', [[சிங்களம்]]: ''ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහ බැංකුව'') [[இலங்கை]]யின் [[நாணயக் கொள்கை]] (''monetary policy''), நிதியியல் முறைமையினை கட்டுப்படுத்தல், நெறிப்படுத்தல், நாணயங்களை அச்சிடல் போன்ற பணிகளை மேற்கொள்வதற்காக அமைக்கப்பட்ட அரச நிறுவனம் ஆகும். இது [[இலங்கை]] விடுதலை பெற்று இரு ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பின்னர் '''Central Bank of ceylon''' எனும் பெயருடன் [[1950]] ம் ஆண்டு [[ஆகஸ்டு 28]]ம் திகதி நிறுவப்பட்டது. பின்னர் [[1985]] ல் தற்போதய பெயருக்கு மாற்றம் செய்யப்பட்டது. இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கியின் முதலாவது ஆளுனராக [[ஜோன் எக்ஸ்டர்]] கடமையாற்றினார்.
 
அரசியல் தலையீடு மற்றும் நிறுவன ரீதியான பாதிப்பு என்பனவற்றின் காரணமாக 2007இல் இதன் நம்பகத்தன்மை பற்றி கேள்வி எழுந்தது.
இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கியின் வட்டார அலுவலகங்கள் [[அனுராதபுரம்]], [[மாத்தறை]], [[மாத்தளை]],[[யாழ்ப்பாணம்]] ஆகிய இடங்களில் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.
 
==ஆளுநர்களின் பட்டியல்==
 
==History==
* [[ஜோன் எக்ஸ்டர்]] (1950-1953)
The Central Bank of Ceylon was set up by the post independence Government in recognition of the importance of an active monetary policy regime and a dynamic financial sector to support and promote economic growth.
* [[என். யூ. ஜயவர்தன]] (1953-1954)
* [[ஏ. ஜி. ரணசிங்க]] (1954-1959)
* [[டி. டபிள்யூ. ராஜபத்திரன]] (1959-1967)
* [[டபிள்யூ, தென்னகோன்]] (1967-1971)
* [[எச். ஈ. தென்னகோன்]] (1971-1979)
* [[டபிள்யூ. ராசபுத்திரம்]] (1979-1988)
* [[எச். என். எஸ். கருணாதிலக்க]] (1988-1992)
* [[எச். பி. திசநாயக்க]] (1992-1995)
* [[ஏ. எஸ். ஜயவர்தன]] (1995-2004)
* [[எஸ். மெண்டிஸ்]] (2004-2005)
* [[என். ஏ. எல். கப்ரால்]] (2006 இருந்து)
 
Prior to the establishment of the Central Bank, functions relating to central banking were conducted by the Currency Board System that was set up under the Paper Currency Ordinance No.32 of 1884.
==இவற்றையும் பார்க்க==
* [[வங்கி]]
* [[இலங்கை]]
* [[இலங்கையின் பொருளாதாரம்]]
 
After gaining political independence, the Currency Board System was considered inadequate and unsuitable for meeting the needs of a developing country and an independent nation. Therefore, in July 1948, the Government of Ceylon requested the United States Government for technical expertise to set up a central bank, which resulted in Mr. John Exter, an economist from the Federal Reserve Board of the USA being appointed to carry out this task.
==வெளி இணைப்புகள்==
* [http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/ இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கியின் வலைத்தளம்]
 
The Exter Report on the rationale and the legal framework for the Central Bank was presented to the Government of Ceylon in November 1949 and led to its formation. The Central Bank of Ceylon was established by the Monetary Law Act (MLA) No.58 of 1949 and commenced operations on August 28, 1950. It was renamed the Central Bank of Sri Lanka in 1985.
[[பகுப்பு:இலங்கை பொருளாதாரம்]]
[[பகுப்பு:இலங்கையின் வங்கிகள்]]
[[பகுப்பு:மத்திய வங்கிகள்]]
 
The Central Bank was given wide powers to administer and regulate the entire money, banking and credit system of the country. The Central Bank was also given the sole right and authority to issue currency and it also became the custodian of the international reserves of the country. The objectives of the Central Bank as specified in the MLA in 1949 were;
[[en:Central Bank of Sri Lanka]]
 
a ) The stabilisation of domestic monetary values (maintenance of price stability).<br />
b ) The preservation of the par value or the stability of the exchange rate of the
Sri Lankan Rupee (maintenance of exchange rate stability).<br />
C ) The promotion and maintenance of a high level of production, employment and
real income in Sri Lanka.<br />
d ) The encouragement and promotion of the full development of the productive
resources of Sri Lanka
 
a) and b) above, could be classified as stabilization objectives, while c) and d) could be classified as development objectives. The MLA gave the Central Bank wide powers in relation to the conduct of monetary policy to achieve its objectives. Therefore, the Central Bank was expected to play an important role in achieving these objectives, not only indirectly by maintaining monetary stability, but also directly by promoting the development and expansion of the financial system and directing credit to areas with the greatest development potential. However, the stabilisation and development objectives originally assigned to the Central Bank conflicted with each other, as under certain economic conditions, the monetary policy measures necessary to achieve the two objectives operate in opposite directions i.e., the stabilisation objective required the Central Bank to curtail the growth of money and credit, while the development objective required the Central Bank to expand the growth of money and credit.
 
Therefore, in keeping with the worldwide trends in central banking and the rapid changes in international financial markets, consequent to the economic liberalisation and the significant advancement in information technology, the Central Bank embarked on a modernisation programme in 2000.
 
==Objectives==
The Central Bank's focus and functions have evolved since its formation, in response to the changing economic environment. In keeping with trends in central banking, the objectives of the Central Bank were streamlined by amending the Monetary Law Act (MLA) in 2002, to enable it to pursue its core objectives and to free it of the multiple objectives that were originally assigned to it. The Central Bank has two core objectives:
 
* Maintaining economic and price stability
* Maintaining financial system stability
 
With a view to encouraging and promoting the development of the productive resources of
Sri Lanka.
 
Prior to the amendment of the law, the Central Bank had multiple objectives, which could sometimes be in conflict or be inconsistent with each other.
 
Meanwhile, a consensus had developed internationally that a central bank's primary goal should be the maintenance of price stability. As price stability is crucially dependent on stable macroeconomic conditions, one of the core objectives of the CBSL was therefore specified as "economic and price stability". Furthermore, as the experience of other countries has demonstrated, the stability of the financial system is crucial in improving the resilience of the economy. Hence, financial system stability was also identified as a core objective of the CBSL. The two objectives are correlated and complement each other. Ensuring financial system stability is of prime importance, as monetary policy is transmitted through financial intermediaries (institutions) to achieve price stability. Hence, the two objectives are in harmony and this enables the Central Bank to perform its main functions more effectively. The CBSL has been given a high degree of autonomy to achieve its objectives. In this task, the Bank closely liaises with the Ministry of Finance in making policy decisions and the Secretary to the Ministry of Finance is a member of the Monetary Board, which is the governing body of the CBSL.
 
===Economic and Price Stability===
Price stability safeguards the value of the currency in terms of what it will purchase at home and in terms of other currencies. Price stability or stable prices means low inflation. Experience has shown that the economy performs well when inflation is low and is expected to be low. Interest rates are also low in these conditions. Such an environment allows an economy to achieve its growth potential and fosters high employment. Free from the disruptive effects of high and variable inflation, both consumers and producers make economic decisions with confidence. Low inflation or price stability fosters sustainable long-term economic growth and employment. The Central Bank uses monetary policy measures to control inflation.
 
===Financial System Stability===
A stable financial system creates a favorable environment for depositors and investors, encourages efficient financial intermediation and the effective functioning of markets, and hence, promotes investment and economic growth. Financial system stability means the effective functioning of the financial system (financial institutions and markets) and the absence of banking, currency and balance of payments crisis. Financial instability is caused by bank failures, excessive asset price volatility, and collapse of market liquidity or a disruption to the payments system. Financial system stability requires a stable macro-economic environment, effective regulatory framework, well organised financial markets, sound financial institutions and safe and robust payments infrastructure. The maintenance of financial stability entails the prevention, detection and reduction of threats to the financial system as a whole, through the surveillance of markets and financial institutions, oversight of the payments system and crisis resolution.
 
==Functions of the Bank==
 
In order to achieve its core objectives as well as to discharge its responsibilities as economic advisor and banker to, and agent of the GOSL, the CBSL undertakes the following functions.
 
===Core functions===
* Economic and Price Stability
* Financial System Stability
 
===Ancillary to core functions===
* Currency Issue and Management
 
===Agency functions===
* Employees' Provident Fund Management
* Foreign Exchange Management
* Public Debt Management
* Regional Development
 
==Monetary Board==
 
The Central Bank has a unique legal structure in which the Central Bank is not an incorporated body. In terms of the Monetary Law Act, the corporate status is conferred on the Monetary Board, which is vested with all powers, functions and duties. As the governing body, the Monetary Board is responsible for making all policy decisions related to the management, operation and administration of the Central Bank.
 
The Monetary Board of the Central Bank consists of five (5) members
* The Governor
* The Secretary to the Ministry of Finance ( ex-officio )
* Three (3) non - executive members
 
The Governor is the Chairman of the Monetary Board and also functions as the Chief Executive Officer of the Central Bank. The Governor and the non-executive Board members are appointed by the President, on the recommendation of the Minister of Finance. The approval of the Constitutional Council is also required for the appointment of the non-executive Board members. The term of office of the Governor and the non -executive Board members is six (6) years. The quorum for Monetary Board meetings is three (3) members. The concurrence of three (3) members is required for decisions of the Monetary Board to be valid. However in cases where a unanimous decision is required, the concurrence of all five (5) members is necessary.
 
==Regional Development==
 
CBSL has established five Regional Offices at Matara, Anuradhapura,Jaffna,Trincomalee and Matale with a view to promoting regional economic activities with the assistance of the banking sector. The first Regional Office was opened at Matara in 1981 and the second and third Regional Offices at Anuradhapura and Matale in 1982 and 1985, respectively. With a view to enhancing the development activities in the Northern Province, CBSL opened its fourth Provincial office in Jaffna on 04.07.2010.
 
===Areas of Operation===
With a view to be in line with provincial administration system of the country CBSL recently renamed the Regional Offices to read as provincial offices.
 
Areas of Operation of Provincial offices
* Provincial Office -Southern Province- Galle, Matara, Hambantota and Monaragala Districts
* Provincial Office - North Central Province - Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa Districts
* Provincial Office - Central Province - Kandy, Matale, Nuwara Eliya and Badulla Districts
* Provincial Office - Northern Province - Jaffna, Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Mannar and Vavunia Districts
 
However, depending on the requirement, Provincial Offices may also carry out development activities in other districts which are not covered by above Provincial Offices.
 
The objectives of the Provincial Offices include supporting implementation and coordination of key functions of the CBSL in the provinces and promoting the rural economy by facilitating the smooth and timely supply of financial assistance, guidance and marketing linkages and coordination of related support services to the provinces in order to promote economic growth. It also includes contributing to the reduction of poverty and upliftment of economic and social conditions in the relevant provinces through various development activities.
 
==The Governors==
* [[John Exter]] (1950–1953)
* [[N.U. Jayawardena]] (1953–1954)
* [[Sir]] [[Arthur Ranasinghe]] (1954–1959)
* [[D.W. Rajapatirana]] (1959–1967)
* [[W. Tennekoon]] (1967–1971)
* [[H.E. Tennekoon]] (1971–1979)
* [[W. Rasaputram]] (1979–1988)
* [[H.N.S. Karunatilake]] (1988–1992) <!-- Ref: http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/01/29/fea09.asp -->
* [[H.B. Dissanayaka]] (1992–1995)
* [[A.S. Jayawardana]] (1995–2004)
* [[Sunil Mendis]] (2004–2005)
* [[Ajith Nivard Cabraal]] (2006 to date)
 
==Education==
 
The Central Bank possesses a valuable pool of human resources with updated knowledge and experience in the fields of economics, banking and finance. The Central Bank conducts various educational and public awareness programmes to share this knowledge with the public.
 
The [http://www.cbscbsl.lk/ Center for Banking Studies] offers a wide range of courses throughout the year. The Public Lecture Series is conducted for academics and the general public who are interested in updating their knowledge on current issues in economics and finance.
 
Awareness Programmes are conducted by the Communications Department in association with other departments of the Bank to disseminate information and enhance understanding of developments in the economy and financial sector.The Bank has many publications through which it disseminates information on the economic, financial and social conditions in the country.
 
The [[Central Bank Currency Museum]] maintained by CBSL has a valuable collection of old coins and currency notes and the public is welcome to visit the museum by appointment.
 
==See also==
* [[Sri Lankan rupee]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/ Central Bank of Sri Lanka] (official website)
 
{{Template group
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{{Central banks}}
{{Sri Lanka topics}}
}}
 
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Central banks|Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Economy of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Government of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Government agencies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Banks of Sri Lanka|*]]
 
<!--Interwikis-->
[[si:ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහ බැංකුව]]
[[ta:இலங்கை மத்திய வங்கி]]
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