அந்தியோக்கு இஞ்ஞாசியார்: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
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வரிசை 30:
 
[[கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை]] மற்றும் [[காப்டிக் கிழக்கு மரபுவழி திருச்சபை]]யில் இவரின் விழா நாள் திசம்பர் 20. [[கத்தோலிக்க திருச்சபை]]யில் இவரின் விழா நாள் 17 அக்டோபர் ஆகும்.
 
== வாழ்கை குறிப்பு ==
St. Ignatius was [[Bishop of Antioch]] after [[Saint Peter]] and [[Evodius|St. Evodius]] (who died around <small>AD</small> 67). [[Eusebius]]<ref>''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Historia Ecclesiastica]]'', II.iii.22.</ref> records that St. Ignatius succeeded St. Evodius. Making his [[apostolic succession]] even more immediate, [[Theodoret]] (''Dial. Immutab.'', I, iv, 33a) reported that Peter himself appointed Ignatius to the see of Antioch.
 
Besides his Greek name, Ignatius, he also called himself Theophorus (''"God Bearer"''), and tradition says he was one of the children Jesus took in His arms and blessed.<ref name="The Martyrdom of Ignatius"/> St. Ignatius is one of the [[Apostolic Fathers]] (the earliest authoritative group of the [[Church Fathers]]). He based his authority on being a bishop of the Church, living his life in the imitation of Christ. It is believed that St. Ignatius, along with his friend [[Polycarp]], with great probability were disciples of the Apostle St. John.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07644a.htm</ref>
 
== இரத்த சாட்சியம் ==
Epistles attributed to St. Ignatius report his arrest by the authorities and travel to Rome:
 
{{cquote|From Syria even to Rome I fight with wild beasts, by land and sea, by night and by day, being bound amidst ten leopards, even a company of soldiers, who only grow worse when they are kindly treated. —''Ignatius to the Romans'', 5.}}
 
Along the route he wrote six letters to the churches in the region and one to a fellow bishop.
 
He was sentenced to die in the [[Colosseum]], to be eaten by [[lion]]s.<ref>[[EWTN]] [http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/IGNATIUS.HTM St. Ignatius of Antioch]</ref>
 
In his ''Chronicle'', [[Eusebius]] gives the date of his death as AA 2124 (2124 years after Adam), which would amount to the 11th year of Trajan, i.e. 108 AD.<ref>From the Latin translation of Jerome, [http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/jerome_chronicle_03_part2.htm Chronicle], p. 276.</ref>
 
== கடிதங்கள் ==
The seven letters considered to be authentic are:
 
* To the [[Ephesus|Ephesians]]
* To the [[Magnesia on the Maeander|Magnesians]]
* [[Letter to the Trallians]]
* To the [[Rome|Romans]]
* To the [[Alaşehir|Philadelphians]]
* [[Letter to the Smyrnaeans|To the Smyrnaeans]]
* To [[Polycarp|Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna]]
 
By the 5th century, this authentic collection had been enlarged by spurious letters, and some of the original letters had been changed with interpolations, created to posthumously enlist Ignatius as an unwitting witness in theological disputes of that age, while the purported eye-witness account of his martyrdom is also thought to be a forgery from around the same time.
 
A detailed but spurious account of Ignatius' arrest and his travails and martyrdom is the material of the ''Martyrium Ignatii'' which is presented as being an eyewitness account for the church of Antioch, and as if written by Ignatius' companions, Philo of Cilicia, deacon at Tarsus, and Rheus Agathopus, a Syrian. Though [[James Ussher]] regarded it as genuine, if there is any genuine nucleus of the ''Martyrium'', it has been so greatly expanded with interpolations that no part of it is without questions. Its most reliable manuscript is the 10th century ''[[Codex Colbertinus]]'' (Paris), in which the ''Martyrium'' closes the collection. The ''Martyrium'' presents the confrontation of the bishop Ignatius with [[Trajan]] at Antioch, a familiar [[Trope (literature)|trope]] of ''Acta'' of the martyrs, and many details of the long, partly overland voyage to Rome. The [[Synaxarium]] of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] says that he was thrown to the wild beasts that devoured him and rendered him into pieces.<ref name="synaxarium" />
 
After Ignatius' martyrdom in the [[Colosseum|Flavian Amphitheatre]], his remains were honorably carried back to Antioch by his companions, and were first interred outside the city gates, then removed by the Emperor [[Theodosius II]] to the Tychaeum, or Temple of [[Tyche]] which was converted into a church dedicated to Ignatius. In 637 the relics were translated to the Church of St Clement in Rome.
 
The letters of Ignatius have proved to be important testimony to the development of Christian [[theology]], since the number of extant writings from this period of Church history is very small. They bear signs of being written in great haste and without a proper plan, such as [[run-on sentence]]s and an unsystematic succession of thought. Ignatius is the earliest known Christian writer to emphasize [[loyalty]] to a single [[bishop]] in each city (or [[diocese]]) who is assisted by both [[presbyter]]s possibly elders and [[deacon]]s. Earlier writings only mention ''either'' bishops ''or'' presbyters, and give the impression that there was usually more than one bishop per congregation. {{Philippians 1:1}} For instance, while the offices of [[bishop]], presbyter and [[deacon]] appear apostolic in origin, the titles of "bishop" and "presbyter" could be used interchangeably.
 
{{cquote|Take care to do all things in harmony with God, with the bishop presiding in the place of God, and with the presbyters in the place of the council of the apostles, and with the deacons, who are most dear to me, entrusted with the business of Jesus Christ, who was with the Father from the beginning and is at last made manifest —''Letter to the Magnesians 2'', 6:1}}
 
Ignatius is known to have taught the deity of Christ:
{{cquote|There is one Physician who is possessed both of flesh and spirit; both made and not made; God existing in flesh; true life in death; both of Mary and of God; first passible and then impassible, even Jesus Christ our Lord. —''Letter to the Ephesians'', ch.7, shorter version, Roberts-Donaldson translation}}
 
Ignatius stressed the value of the [[Eucharist]], calling it a "medicine of immortality" (''Ignatius to the Ephesians'' 20:2). The very strong desire for bloody martyrdom in the arena, which Ignatius expresses rather graphically in places, may seem quite odd to the modern reader. An examination of his theology of [[soteriology]] shows that he regarded salvation as one being free from the powerful fear of death and thus to bravely face martyrdom {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}.
 
Ignatius is claimed to be the first known Christian writer to argue in favor of Christianity's replacement of the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]] with the [[Lord's Day]]:
 
{{cquote|Be not seduced by strange doctrines nor by antiquated fables, which are profitless. For if even unto this day we live after the manner of Judaism, we avow that we have not received grace.... If then those who had walked in ancient practices attained unto newness of hope, no longer observing Sabbaths but fashioning their lives after the Lord's day, on which our life also arose through Him and through His death which some men deny ... how shall we be able to live apart from Him? ... It is monstrous to talk of Jesus Christ and to practise Judaism. For Christianity did not believe in Judaism, but Judaism in Christianity — ''Ignatius to the Magnesians'' 8:1, 9:1-2, 10:3, [[Joseph Barber Lightfoot|Lightfoot]] translation.}}
 
He is also responsible for the first known use of the Greek word ''katholikos'' (καθολικός), meaning "universal", "complete" and "whole" to describe the church, writing:
 
{{cquote|Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be; as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church. It is not lawful to baptize or give communion without the consent of the bishop. On the other hand, whatever has his approval is pleasing to God. Thus, whatever is done will be safe and valid. — ''Letter to the Smyrnaeans'' 8, J.R. Willis translation.}}
 
It is from the word ''katholikos'' ("according to the whole") that the word ''[[catholic]]'' comes. When Ignatius wrote the Letter to the Smyrnaeans in about the year 107 and used the word ''catholic'', he used it as if it were a word already in use to describe the Church. This has led many scholars to conclude that the appellation ''Catholic Church'' with its ecclesial connotation may have been in use as early as the last quarter of the 1st century.
 
On the [[Eucharist]], Ignatius wrote in his letter to the Smyrnaeans:
 
{{cquote|Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, and see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God. . . . They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes. — ''Letter to the Smyrnaeans'' 6:2–7:1}}
 
Saint Ignatius's most famous quotation, however, comes from his letter to the Romans:
 
{{cquote|I am writing to all the Churches and I enjoin all, that I am dying willingly for God's sake, if only you do not prevent it. I beg you, do not do me an untimely kindness. Allow me to be eaten by the beasts, which are my way of reaching to God. I am God's wheat, and I am to be ground by the teeth of wild beasts, so that I may become the pure bread of Christ.— ''Letter to the Romans''}}
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