மருத்துவம் அல்லது உடலியங்கியலுக்கான நோபல் பரிசு: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

|[[படிமம்:Charles Scott Sherrington1.jpg|75px]]

|Sir [[Charles Scott Sherrington]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries regarding the functions of [[நரம்பணு]]s"<ref name="nobel-1932">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html

|

|[[Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian|Edgar Douglas Adrian]]

|-

|1933

|rowspan=3|

|[[George Whipple|George Hoyt Whipple]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[கல்லீரல்]] therapy in cases of [[குருதிச்சோகை]]"<ref name="nobel-1934">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html

|-

|[[ஜார்ஜ் மினாட்|George Richards Minot]]

|-

|[[வில்லியம் பாரி மர்பி|William Parry Murphy]]

|-

|1935

|

|[[Edward Adelbert Doisy]]

|"for his discovery of the chemical nature of [[உயிர்ச்சத்து கே]]"<ref name="nobel-1943">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html

|rowspan=2|

|[[Joseph Erlanger]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single [[nerve fibre]]s"<ref name="nobel-1944">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html

|-

|[[Herbert Spencer Gasser]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1945

|[[படிமம்:Carl Ferdinand Cori.jpg|75px]]

|[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of [[கிளைக்கோசன்]]"<ref name="nobel-1947" />

|-

|[[படிமம்:Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg|75px]]

|[[Gerty Theresa Cori]], née Radnitz

|-

|[[படிமம்:Bernado Houssay.JPG|75px]]

|

|[[Paul Hermann Müller]]

|"for his discovery of the high efficiency of [[டி.டி.டீ]] as a contact [[பூச்சிக்கொல்லி|poison against several arthropods]]"<ref name="nobel-1948">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html

|

|[[Walter Rudolf Hess]]

|"for his discovery of the functional organization of the [[midbrain|interbrain]] as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"<ref name="nobel-1949" />

|-

|

|[[Philip Showalter Hench]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries relating to the [[இயக்குநீர்]]s of the [[adrenal cortex]], their structure and biological effects"<ref name="nobel-1950">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html

|

|[[Edward Calvin Kendall]]

|-

|

|[[Tadeus Reichstein|Tadeusz Reichstein]]

|-

|1951

|[[படிமம்:Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg|75px]]

|[[Selman Waksman|Selman Abraham Waksman]]

|"for his discovery of [[streptomycin]], the first [[நுண்ணுயிர் எதிர்ப்பி]] effective against [[காச நோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1952">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Portrait of Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899-1986), Biochemist (2551001689).jpg|75px]]

|[[Fritz Albert Lipmann]]

|"for his discovery of [[coenzyme A|co-enzyme A]] and its importance for intermediary metabolism"<ref name="nobel-1953">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html

|rowspan=3|

|[[John Franklin Enders]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discovery of the ability of [[இளம்பிள்ளை வாதம்]] [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"<ref name="nobel-1954">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html

|-

|[[Frederick Chapman Robbins]]

|-

|[[Thomas Huckle Weller]]

|-

|1955

|

|[[André Frédéric Cournand]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[heart catheterization]] and pathological changes in the [[சுற்றோட்டத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1956">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html

|

|[[Dickinson W. Richards]]

|-

|1957

|

|[[George Wells Beadle]]

|rowspan=2| "for their discovery that [[மரபணு]]s act by regulating definite chemical events"<ref name="nobel-1958" />

|-

|

|[[Edward Lawrie Tatum]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:Joshua Lederberg.jpg|75px]]

|[[Joshua Lederberg]]

|"for his discoveries concerning [[genetic recombination]] and the organization of the [[மரபணு|genetic material]] of [[பாக்டீரியா]]"<ref name="nobel-1958">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Arthur Kornberg.jpg|75px]]

|[[Arthur Kornberg]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of [[ரைபோ கருவமிலம்]] and [[டி. என். ஏ.]]"<ref name="nobel-1959">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html

|

|[[Georg von Békésy]]

|"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the [[cochlea]]"<ref name="nobel-1961">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html

|[[படிமம்:JamesWatson.png|75px]]

|[[ஜேம்ஸ் டூயி வாட்சன்]]

|-

|

|rowspan=2|

|[[Konrad Emil Bloch|Konrad Bloch]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] and [[கொழுப்பு அமிலம்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1964">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html

|rowspan=2|

|[[Francis Peyton Rous|Peyton Rous]]

|"for his discovery of [[கட்டி (உயிரியல்)]]-inducing [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name="nobel-1966" />

|-

|[[Charles Brenton Huggins]]

|"for his discoveries concerning [[Hormonal therapy (oncology)|hormonal treatment]] of [[முன்னிற்குஞ்சுரப்பி புற்றுநோய்]]"<ref name="nobel-1966">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html

|-

|[[Haldan Keffer Hartline]]

|-

|[[George Wald]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1968

|

|[[Robert W. Holley]]

|rowspan=3|"for their interpretation of the [[மரபுக்குறியீடு]] and its function in [[Protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]]"<ref name="nobel-1968">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Max Delbruck.jpg|75px]]

|[[Max Delbrück]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of [[தீ நுண்மம்]]es"<ref name="nobel-1969">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html

|

|[[Alfred Hershey|Alfred D. Hershey]]

|-

|

|[[Salvador Luria|Salvador E. Luria]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1970

|[[படிமம்:Axelrod01.jpg|75px]]

|[[Julius Axelrod]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the humoral [[neurotransmitter|transmittors in the nerve terminals]] and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"<ref name="nobel-1970">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html

|

|[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.|Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]]

|"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of [[இயக்குநீர்]]s"<ref name="nobel-1971">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html

|rowspan=2|

|[[Gerald Edelman|Gerald M. Edelman]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of [[பிறபொருளெதிரி]]"<ref name="nobel-1972">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html

|[[படிமம்:DavidBaltimore2008.JPG|75px]]

|[[David Baltimore]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between [[தீ நுண்மம்|tumour viruses]] and the genetic material of the cell"<ref name="nobel-1975">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html

|

|[[Howard Martin Temin]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1976

|

|[[Baruch Samuel Blumberg|Baruch S. Blumberg]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of [[நோய்த்தொற்று]]s"<ref name="nobel-1976">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html

|

|[[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek|D. Carleton Gajdusek]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1977

|

|[[Roger Guillemin]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the [[peptide hormone]] production of the [[மனித மூளை]]"<ref name="nobel-1977" />

|-

|[[படிமம்:Schally portrait.jpg|75px]]

|[[Andrew Schally|Andrew V. Schally]]

|-

|

|[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow|Rosalyn Yalow]]

|"for the development of [[radioimmunoassay]]s of [[peptide hormone]]s"<ref name="nobel-1977">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html

|

|[[Daniel Nathans]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:Hamilton Smith.jpg|75px]]

|[[Hamilton O. Smith]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1979

|

|[[Allan McLeod Cormack|Allan M. Cormack]]

|rowspan=2|"for the development of [[வரியோட்டவழிக் கணித்த குறுக்குவெட்டு வரைவி]]"<ref name="nobel-1979">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html

|

|[[George Davis Snell|George D. Snell]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1981

|

|[[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Roger W. Sperry]]

|"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s"<ref name="nobel-1981" />

|-

|

|[[David H. Hubel]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the [[பார்வைத் தொகுதி]]"<ref name="nobel-1981">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html

|

|[[Barbara McClintock]]

| "for her discovery of [[இடமாறும் டி.என்.ஏ|mobile genetic elements]]"<ref name="nobel-1983">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Mike Brown 2003.jpg|75px]]

|[[Michael Stuart Brown|Michael S. Brown]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of [[கொலஸ்டிரால்]] [[வளர்சிதைமாற்றம்]]"<ref name="nobel-1985">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Joe Goldstein.JPG|75px]]

|[[Joseph L. Goldstein]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1986

|[[படிமம்:Stanley Cohen-Biochemist.jpg|75px]]

|[[ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன் (உயிர்வேதியியலாளர்)|ஸ்டான்லி கோஹன்]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[growth factor]]s"<ref name="nobel-1986">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html

|

|[[ரீட்டா லெவி மோண்டால்சினி]]

|-

|1987

|-

|[[Gertrude B. Elion]]

|-

|[[George H. Hitchings]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1989

|rowspan=2|

|[[J. Michael Bishop]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of the cellular origin of [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogene]]s"<ref name="nobel-1989">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html

|-

|[[Harold E. Varmus]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1990

|rowspan=2|

|[[Joseph Murray|Joseph E. Murray]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[உறுப்பு மாற்று|organ and cell transplantation]] in the treatment of human disease"<ref name="nobel-1990">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html

|-

|[[E. Donnall Thomas]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1991

|-

|[[Edwin G. Krebs]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1993

|-

|[[Phillip Allen Sharp|Phillip A. Sharp]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1994

|rowspan=2|

|[[Alfred G. Gilman]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[G-protein]]s and the role of these proteins in [[சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகை]] in cells"<ref name="nobel-1994">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html

|-

|[[Martin Rodbell]]

|-

|rowspan=3|1995

|

|[[Edward B. Lewis]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early [[முளைய விருத்தி]]"<ref name="nobel-1995">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html

|[[படிமம்:Eric F. Wieschaus.jpg|75px]]

|[[Eric F. Wieschaus]]

|-

|rowspan=2|1996

|

| [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]

|"for his discovery of [[புரதப்பீழை]]s – a new biological principle of infection"<ref name="nobel-1997">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html

|

|[[Robert F. Furchgott]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries concerning [[நைட்ரிக் ஆக்சைடு]] as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"<ref name="nobel-1998">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html

|

|[[Louis J. Ignarro]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:Ferid Murad.jpg|75px]]

|[[Ferid Murad]]

|-

|1999

|[[படிமம்:Gunter Blobel 2008 1.JPG|75px]]

|[[Günter Blobel]]

|"for the discovery that [[புரதம்]]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"<ref name="nobel-1999">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html

|-

|[[Paul Greengard]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:Eric Richard Kandel.jpg|75px]]

|[[எரிக் காண்டல்|Eric R. Kandel]]

|-

|rowspan=3|2001

|

|[[Leland H. Hartwell]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of key regulators of the [[கல வட்டம்]]"<ref name="nobel-2001">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html

|

|[[H. Robert Horvitz]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:John Sulston.jpg|75px]]

|

|[[Paul Lauterbur]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning [[காந்த அதிர்வு அலை வரைவு]]"<ref name="nobel-2003">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html

|

|[[ரிச்சார்ட் ஆக்செல்]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries of [[odorant receptor]]s and the organization of the [[olfactory system]]"<ref name="nobel-2004">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html

|[[படிமம்:LindaBuck cropped 1.jpg|75px]]

|[[லிண்டா பக்]]

|-

|rowspan=2|2005

|[[படிமம்:Andrew Fire, Stanford University.jpg|75px]]

|[[Andrew Fire|Andrew Z. Fire]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discovery of [[ஆர்.என்.ஏ குறுக்கீடு]] – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"<ref name="nobel-2006">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html

|

|[[Craig Mello|Craig C. Mello]]

|-

|rowspan=3|2007

|[[படிமம்:Mario Capecchi UTHSCSA.JPG|75px]]

|[[Mario Capecchi|Mario R. Capecchi]]

|rowspan=3|"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of [[embryonic stem cell]]s."<ref name="nobel-2007">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html

|

|[[Oliver Smithies]]

|-

|rowspan=3|2008

|[[படிமம்:Carol Greider 2009-01.JPG|75px]]

|[[கரோல் கிரெய்டர்]]

|-

|[[படிமம்:JSzostak.jpg|75px]]

|[[ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக்]]

|-

|2010

|

||[[புரூஸ் பொய்ட்லர்|புரூஸ் அலன் பொய்ட்லர்]]

|rowspan=2|"for their discoveries concerning the activation of [[Adaptive immune system|innate immunity]]"<ref name="nobel-2011">{{cite web

| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/