|
| Horus= Wahankh<br>''W3ḥ-ˁnḫ''<br>''Strong in life''<ref name=Clayton/>
| HorusHiero= <hiero>V29-S34</hiero>
| Reign=[[கிமு]] 2112–2063
| Died= [[கிமு]] 2063 <ref name="Ian Shaw p.125">Ian Shaw, ''The Oxford history of ancient Egypt'' p.125</ref>
| Predecessor=[[முதலாம் இன்டெப்]]
| Successor=[[மூன்றாம் இன்டெப்]]
| Burial=எல்-தாரிப், [[தீபை]] அருகில்
}}
'''இரண்டாம் இன்டெப்''' ('''Wahankh Intef II''' (also '''Inyotef II''' and '''Antef II''') [[எகிப்தின் முதல் இடைநிலக் காலம்|முதல் இடைநிலைக் காலத்தில்]] [[பண்டைய எகிப்து|பண்டைய எகிப்தை]] ஆண்ட [[எகிப்தின் பதினொன்றாம் வம்சம்|11-ஆம் வம்சத்தின்]] மூன்றாம் [[பார்வோன்|மன்னர்]] ஆவார். இவர் பண்டைய எகிப்தை [[கிமு]] 2112 முதல் [[கிமு]] 2063 முடிய 50 ஆண்டுகள் ஆட்சி செய்தார்.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.125"/> இவரது தலைநகரம் [[தீபை]] நகரம் ஆகும். இவரது [[ஆட்சிக் காலம்|ஆட்சிக் காலத்தில்]] எகிப்தில் பல உள்ளூர் வம்சங்களின் குறுநில மன்னர்கள் ஆண்டனர். இவரது கல்லறை [[பிரமிடு]] எல்-தாரிப் எனுமிடத்தில் உள்ளது.<ref name="Lehner">Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. Thames & Hudson. 2008 (reprint). {{ISBN|978-0-500-28547-3}}, pp 165</ref> This chapel may have been intended to serve the same purpose as a valley temple.<ref name=dod1867>Dodson, Aidan. The Tomb in Ancient Egypt. Thames and Hudson. 2008. {{ISBN|9780500051399}}, pp 186-187</ref>
இரண்டாம் இன்டெப் ('''Wahankh Intef II''' (also '''Inyotef II''' and '''Antef II''') was the third ruler of the [[Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt]] during the [[First Intermediate Period]]. He reigned for almost fifty years from 2112 BC to 2063 BC.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.125"/> His capital was located at [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]. In his time, Egypt was split between several local dynasties. He was buried in a saff tomb at [[El-Tarif]].
பார்வோன் [[முதலாம் மெண்டுகொதேப்]]-அரசி [[முதலாம் நெபெரு]]விற்குப் பிறந்தவர் இரண்டாம் இன்டெப். இவருக்கு முன்னர் எகிப்தை ஆண்ட [[முதலாம் இன்டெப்]] இவரது உடன்பிறந்தவர் ஆவார். இவருக்குப் பின் எகிப்தை ஆண்டது இவரது மகன் [[மூன்றாம் இன்டெப்]] ஆவார்.
== Family ==
Intef's parents were [[Mentuhotep I]] and [[Neferu I]]. His predecessor [[Intef I]] may have been his brother. Intef was succeeded by his son [[Intef III]].
[[File:Saluki egypt.jpg|thumb|left|180px|இரண்டாம் இன்டெப்பின் கல்லறையில் அவர் வளர்த்த நாய்களின் நினைவுச்சின்னம்]]
== Reign ==
After the death of the [[nomarch]] [[Ankhtifi]], Intef was able to unite all the southern [[Nome (Egypt)|nomes]] down to the [[Cataracts of the Nile|First Cataract]]. After this he clashed with his main rivals, the [[10th Dynasty|kings of Herakleopolis Magna]] for the possession of [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]]. The city changed hands several times, but Intef II was eventually victorious, extending his rule north to the thirteenth nome.
[[கர்னாக்]] கோயில் தூணில் இரண்டாம் இன்டெப்பின் பெயர் பொறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. மேலும் [[எலிபென்டைன் தீவு|எலிபென்டைன் தீவில்]] இரண்டாம் இன்டெப் எகிப்தியக் கடவுள்களுக்கு கோயில்களை நிறுவினார்.<ref>Ian Shaw ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'', p.127</ref>[[மேல் எகிப்து|தெற்கு எகிப்தில்]] இரண்டாம் இன்டெப் அரச குடும்பத்தினர்களுக்கான அரண்மனைகளும், கோயில்களும் கட்டும் வழக்கம், [[பழைய எகிப்து இராச்சியம்]] வரையில் தொடர்ந்தது.
After these wars, more friendly relations were established and the rest of Intef's reign was peaceful. The discovery of a statue of Intef II, wrapped in a ''sed'' festival robe, in the sanctuary of [[Heqaib]] at Elephantine suggests that this king's authority extended to the region of the First Cataract and, perhaps, over part of Lower Nubia by his 30th year.<ref name=Grimal-145>Nicholas Grimal, ''A History of Ancient Egypt'' (Oxford: Blackwell Books, 1992), p. 145</ref> This impression would appear to be confirmed by an expedition led by Djemi from Gebelein to the land of Wawat (i.e.: Nubia) during his reign.<ref name=Grimal-145/> Consequently, when Intef II died, he left behind a strong government in Thebes which controlled the whole of Upper Egypt and maintained a border just south of Asyut.<ref name=Grimal-145/>
==மேற்கோள்கள்==
The earliest attested dating of the god [[Amun]] at [[Karnak]] occurs during his reign. The surviving sections of the [[Turin Canon]] for the Middle Kingdom assign this king a reign of 49 years.<ref>[[:File:TurinKingList.png|Column 5 row 14]]</ref><ref>[http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/11/1102_antef_ii/history.html The Ancient Egypt Web Site, Antef II] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004524/http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/11/1102_antef_ii/history.html |date=2007-09-27 }}, (accessed September 7, 2007)</ref>
=== Titulary ===
Intef II apparently never held the full royal fivefold titulary of the [[Old Kingdom]] pharaohs. He did, however, claim the dual kingship ''nswt bity'' and the title ''s3-Re'' son of Ra, which emphasizes the divine nature of kingship.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.125"/> Finally, upon accession to the Theban throne, Intef II added the Horus name Wahankh, ''enduring of life'', to his birth name.
===Officials===
We know the name and activities of some of the officials who served under Intef II :
* '''Tjetjy''' was the chief treasurer and king’s chamberlain of Intef II and Intef III.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.126">Ian Shaw ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' p.126</ref> His finely carved tomb stele, now at the [[British Museum]],<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/l/limestone_stela_of_tjetji.aspx Stele of Tjetjy]</ref> shows that Intef II claimed the dual throne of Egypt but also recognizes the limited extent of his rule: ''"The horus Wahankh, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, son of Re, Intef, born of Nefru, he who lives eternally like Re, [...] this land was under his rule southwards as far as [[Elephantine|Yebu]] and reaching as far north as [[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]]"''.<ref name="scribd.com">[https://www.scribd.com/doc/56456292/27/THE-STELA-OF-TJETJI William Kelly Simpson, ''The literature of Ancient Egypt'']</ref> Tjetjy then describes his career in the typical self-laudatory manner of the Egyptian elite. Most importantly, the text demonstrates the undisputed power of the king in the Theban kingdom of the 11th Dynasty ''"I was a trustworthy favorite of my lord, an official great of heart and quiet of temper in the palace of his lord [...]. I am one who loved good and hated evil, one who was loved in the palace of his lord, one who performed every duty in obedience to the will of his lord. Indeed, as for every task which he commanded me to undertake [...], I performed it rightly and justly. Never did I disobey the orders he gave me; never did I substitute one thing for another [...]. Moreover, as for every responsibility of the royal palace which the majesty of my lord committed to me, and for which he caused me to perform some task, I did it for him in accordance with everything which his [[Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul|Ka]] desired."''<ref name="scribd.com"/>
*'''Djary''' was a military officer who fought the Herakleopolitan forces in the Abydene nome during Intef II's armies' northward push.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.126"/> His stele recounts the struggle for the control over [[Middle Egypt]]: ''"Intef fought the house of Khety to the north of [[Thinis]]"''.<ref>[https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/prec/www/course/egypt/274RH/Pictures/1st%20Intermediate/DjaryStela.jpg The stele of Djary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055823/https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/prec/www/course/egypt/274RH/Pictures/1st%20Intermediate/DjaryStela.jpg |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
*'''Hetepy''' was an official from [[El Kab|Elkab]] who administered the three southernmost nomes of Intef II's realm. This means that there were no nomarchs in Theban-controlled territories. Just as in the case of Tjetjy, the constant reference to the king in Hetepy's stele demonstrates the centralized organization of the government of the Theban kingdom and the power of the king, to whom everything was due: ''"I was one beloved of my Lord and praised by the lord of this land and his majesty truly made this servant happy. His majesty said: 'There is no one who [. . .] of (my) good command, but Hetepy!', and this servant did it exceedingly well, and his majesty praised this servant on account of it"''.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.126"/> Finally, Hetepy's stele mentions a famine that occurred during Intef II's reign.
*'''[[Idudju-iker]]''' was ''foremost one of the chiefs of Lower Nubia''. He was in charge of Lower Nubia and helped the king conquering Abydos.<ref>Josef Wegnerː ''The Stela of Idudju-ikerː Formost-one of the Chiefs of Wawat'', inː ''Revue d'égyptologie'', 68 (2017-2108), 153-209, plates VII-XII</ref>
==Monuments==
[[File:Saluki egypt.jpg|thumb|left|180px|The dogs of Intef II on his funerary stele, [[Egyptian Museum]], Cairo.]]
On his funerary stele Intef emphasizes his monument building activities. It is significant that the earliest surviving fragment of royal construction at [[Karnak]] is an octagonal column bearing Intef II's name. Intef II is also the first ruler to build chapels for [[Satet]] and [[Khnum]] on the island of [[Elephantine]].<ref>Ian Shaw ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'', p.127</ref> In fact, Intef II started a tradition of royal building activities in the provincial temples of Upper Egypt which was to last throughout the Middle Kingdom.
===Tomb===
Intef's tomb in [[El-Tarif]] at Thebes is a saff tomb. Saff stands for "row" in Arabic and refers to the double row of columns and entry ways fronting a large {{convert|250|x|70|m}} trapezoidal courtyard at the eastern end of which was a mortuary chapel.<ref name="Lehner">Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. Thames & Hudson. 2008 (reprint). {{ISBN|978-0-500-28547-3}}, pp 165</ref> This chapel may have been intended to serve the same purpose as a valley temple.<ref name=dod1867>Dodson, Aidan. The Tomb in Ancient Egypt. Thames and Hudson. 2008. {{ISBN|9780500051399}}, pp 186-187</ref>
Intef II's tomb was investigated by a royal commission during the reign of [[Ramses IX]], toward the end of the [[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt|20th Dynasty]], as many royal tombs were being plundered at the time.<ref name="encyclo">Darrell D. Baker: ''The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC'', Stacey International, {{ISBN|978-1-905299-37-9}}, 2008, pp. 145-146</ref> As reported on the [[Abbott Papyrus]], The commission noted that:
''"The pyramid-tomb of king Si-Rêˁ In-ˁo ''(i.e. Intef II)'' which is north of the House of Amenḥotpe of the Forecourt and whose [[Egyptian pyramids|pyramid]] is crushed down upon it [. . .]. Examined this day; it was found intact."''<ref>Alan Gardiner, ''Egypt of the Pharaohs: an introduction'', Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 118–119</ref> No remains of this pyramid have been found yet.<ref name=dod1867/>
Following the tradition of his nomarch ancestors, Intef II erected a biographical stele in the entrance of his tomb which relates the events of his reign and credits him with 50 years of reign.<ref name="Ian Shaw p.125"/><ref>[http://www.ancient-egypt.co.uk/metropolitan/pages/Picture%20197.htm Stele of Intef II]</ref> A [[stela]] mentioning the king's dogs was also said to be set up before the tomb. Another stela mentioning a dog named Beha was discovered, but it was found near the offering chapel.<ref name="Lehner"/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==மேலும் படிக்க==
==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
*[[Wolfram Grajetzki]], ''The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society'', Duckworth, London 2006 {{ISBN|0-7156-3435-6}}, 12-15
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Intefமுதலாம் Iஇன்டெப்]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egyptபார்வோன்]] | years=[[Eleventhஎகிப்தின் Dynastyபதினொன்றாம் of Egypt|Eleventh Dynastyவம்சம்]] }}
{{s-aft | after=[[Intefமூன்றாம் IIIஇன்டெப்]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{எகிப்திய பார்வோன்கள்}}
{{Pharaohs}}
[[பகுப்பு:எகிப்திய பார்வோன்கள்]]
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Intef Ii}}
[[Category:22nd-century BC Pharaohs]]
[[Category:21st-century BC Pharaohs]]
[[Category:Pharaohs of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt]]
[[Category:Mentuhotep I]]
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