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'''சாந்தாஜி கோபர்படேகோர்படே''' ('''Santaji Mahaloji Ghorpade'''),(1645–1696) [[சத்திரபதி இராஜாராம்]] ஆட்சியின் போது [[மராத்திய பேரரசு|மராத்தியப் பேரரசின்]] புகழ்பெற்ற 6-வது தலைமைப் படைத்தலைவர் ஆவார். 1689 முதல் 1696-ஆம் ஆண்டு முடிய இரண்டு பத்தாண்டுகளில் நடைபெற்ற [[முகலாய-மராத்தியப் போர்கள்|முகலாய-மராத்தியப் போர்களில்]] படைத்தலைவர் [[தானாஜி ஜாதவ்]]வுடன் தொடர்ந்து பங்கெடுத்தவர். இவர் [[கரந்தடிப் போர் முறை|கொரில்லாப் போர் முறையில்]] தம் படைகளைதம்படைகளை [[முகலாயர்]] படைகளுக்கு எதிராகஎதிராகப் நடத்தியதில்போரிட்டதில் புகழ்பெற்றவர்.
==இளமை வாழ்க்கை==
[[போன்சலே]] குலத்தின் ஒரு பிரிவினான கோபர்ப்டேகோர்படே குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்த சாந்தாஜி கோபர்டேகோர்படே 1660-ஆம் ஆண்டில் பிறந்திருக்கலாம் என வரலாற்று ஆய்வாளர்கள் கருதுகின்றனர். [[மராத்தியப் பேரரசு|மராத்தியப் பேரரசர்]] [[சம்பாஜி]]யின் படைத்தலைவரான மலோஜி கோபர்ப்டேயின் மூன்று மகன்களில் மூத்தவர் சாந்தாஜி கோபர்ப்டேகோர்படே ஆவார். [[சத்திரபதி இராஜாராம்]] ஆட்சியின் போது சாந்தாஜி கோபர்ப்டேகோர்படே, [[மராத்திய பேரரசு|மராத்தியப் பேரரசின்]] புகழ்பெற்ற 6-வது தலைமைப் படைத்தலைவராக பதவியேற்றார்.
1686-ஆம் ஆண்டில் [[செஞ்சி]]ப் பகுதியிலிருந்து உணவுப் பொருட்களைக் கொண்டு வருவதற்காக சாந்தாஜி கோபர்டேயையும்கோர்டேயையும், மூத்த படைத்தலைவர் கேசவ திருமால் பிங்களேயையும் 17,000 பேர் கொண்ட படைகளுடன் [[சத்திரபதி இராஜாராம்]] அனுப்பினார். 1689 இல் [[சாம்பாஜி]] [[முகலாயர்]]களிடம் பிடிபட்டபோது, படைத்தலைவர் சாந்தாஜி கோபார்படேவின்கோர்படேவின் தந்தை படைத்தலைவர் மலோஜி கோபர்படேகோர்படே பாதுகாப்பிற்காக சம்பாஜியுடன்[[சம்பாஜி]]யுடன் உடனிருந்தார். மேலும் மலோஜி சங்கமேஸ்வரில் சம்பாஜியின் பாதுகாப்பில் உயிர் துறந்தார்.
==முகலாய-மராத்தியப் போரில் சாந்தாஜி கோபர்படேவின் பங்கு ==
{{முதன்மை|முகலாய-மராத்தியப் போர்கள்}}
1689–1690 காலத்தில் [[சத்திரபதி இராஜாராம்]] [[செஞ்சிக் கோட்டை]]யில் பாதுகாப்பாக இருந்த போது, படைத்தலைவர்கள் சாந்தாஜி மற்றும் தானாஜி ஒன்றிணைந்து முகலாயப் படைகளை, கர்நாடகாப் பகுதியில் நுழைவதை தடுத்தனர். டிசம்பர் 1690-ஆம் ஆண்டில் மராத்திய அமைச்சர்கள் [[இராமசந்திர பந்த் அமத்யா]] மற்றும் [[சங்கர் நாராயணன்]] மேற்பார்வையில் சாந்தாஜி கோபர்படே மற்றும் [[தானாஜி ஜாதவ்]] மராத்திய தலைமைப் படைத்தலைவர்களாக நியமிக்கப்பட்டனர்.
25 மே 1690 அன்று முகலாய படைத்தலைவர் ருஸ்தம் கானை வென்று [[சாத்தாரா]] நகரத்தை தானாஜி ஜாதவுடன் இணைந்து சாந்தாஜி கோபர்படேகோர்படே கைப்பற்றினார். இதனால் முகலாயர்களுக்கு பின்னடைவு ஏற்பட்டது. இந்த வெற்றிக்காக சூலை 1692-ஆம் ஆண்டில், சாந்தாஜி கோபர்டேவுக்கு ''தேஷ்முக்'' பட்டம்விருது வழங்கப்பட்டது.
In the last quarter of 1692, Santaji and Dhanaji were sent south to alleviate the Mughal pressure on Jinjee. And on the way there they managed to capture Dharwad on 8 October 1692, [[Dharwad]] with an army consisting of 7000 Maratha foot soldiers under the duo's command.
On 14 December 1692, Santaji defeated Aurangzeb's General Alimardan Khan, captured him and brought him back to fort Jinjee. In December 1692, the Mughal army under [[Zulfikhar Ali Khan]] around fort Jinjee was blocked and beaten by Santaji and Dhanaji as a result of which Zulfiquar khan had to sue King Rajaram for peace and was forced to compromise. Then on 5 January 1693, Santaji attacked the Mughal camp at Desur and looted their treasure, weapons and livestock.
On 14 November 1693, Mughal General Himmat Khan beat back Santaji near Vikramhalli in Karnataka. Soon thereafter, Santaji regrouped his troops and reengaged Himmat Khan again on 21 November 1693 and avenged his earlier defeat.
In July 1695, Santaji trapped the Mughal army camping near Khatav and harassed it with Blitzkrieg.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} Italian visitor to the Mughal court, Minnucci, has listed details of the lightning-fast and devastating Maratha attacks on the Mughal camps. High level of tension, stress and apprehension among the troops and camp followers, about the ever-present Maratha threat were recorded. On 20 November 1695, Kasim Khan, Aurangzeb's powerful General in Karnataka, was attacked, defeated and killed by Santaji at Doderi near [[Chitradurga]].
In December 1695, Dhanaji was defeated in a battle near Vellore by Zulfiquar Khan. On 20 January 1696 near Baswapattan, Santaji attacked, defeated and personally killed the Mughal General Himmat Khan. On 26 February 1696, Mughal General Hamid-uddin Khan defeated Santaji in a brief tussle. In April 1696, Santaji was also defeated by Zulfikhar Khan at Arani in Karnataka.
In 1693, after lengthy negotiations with Rajaram, Zulfiquar Khan was granted a safe passage out which Santaji did not approve. Santaji had bravely defeated and captured Zuliquar Khan. It is a widely known fact that Zulfiquar Khan deliberately delayed the capture of Jingee going along with his father Asad Khan's plan to carve a territory for himself, similar to, now defunct, Adilshah and Qutubshah states in the South. They hoped and expected octogenarian Aurangzeb would die soon either due to old age or overthrown by his impatient sons for the Delhi throne. Thus, the succession chaos at the Mogul court will ensue to provide them with the opportunity to annex the southern territory, especially Golconda in Hyderabad.
Rajaram was aware of Zulfiquar's ambitions and colluded with the Khan against Aurangzeb, probably for the sake of politics, survival and safety of future. Later in 1699, Zulfiquar also provided safe passage to Rajaram's wives unmolested when he captured Jinjee, with Rajaram already escaped. The Khan and Rajaram had understanding to benefit each other for politics or previous gratitudes. This was similar to Shahji and Radullah, later by their sons, Shivaji and Rustam, providing each other with intel of their courts. The politics then was very complex and everchanging, those acted without personal vendettas survived and were clear in their foresightedness. Zulfiquar Khan also escorted Sambhaji's family respectfully and unmolested to Aurangzeb after he captured Raigad. He also was very protective and great well wisher of Shahu's (Sambhaji's son in captivity) in Aurangzeb's campaign, probably hoped for the Maratha help for his own ambitions. Zulfiquar's mother was Shaista Khan's sister and he himself married to the Khan's daughter. Shaista Khan, who was also married to Aurangzeb's sister, lost his three fingers and pride at the hands of Shivaji, Rajaram's father, in the most famous surprise attack in Pune.
Santaji as much known to be great and intrepid in guerrilla warfare tactics did not seem shrewd in understanding the manipulation of politics and diplomacy behind curtains, and misunderstood his King and the final Maratha cause on many occasions leading to rift between him and Rajaram.
On 8 May 1696, Santaji met Rajaram at fort Jinjee, argued with him on certain issues, some sources suggest he demanded rewards for his services, and left Jingee without resolving their differences. Santaji didn't exactly have a suave tongue like Dhanaji Jadhav and dealt much action with confrontation, bravado and brutal rage, While meeting Rajaram, he argued and very disrespectfully said, "The Chatrapatti exist because of me and I can make and dethrone Chatrapattis at will". He probably realised later in the fit of anger he has sealed his fate and left the place without Rajaram's permission. Dhanaji was made the new Sarnaubat(Master of Cavalry), which further enraged Santaji. Muni lal is of opinion that Santaji was not patriotic for the maratha state and was arrogant.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Muni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Santa+patriotism|title=Aurangzeb|date=1988|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-0-7069-4017-6|language=en}}</ref>
Rajaram, then did not have wise counsel of Praladji Pant, his Pratinidi (top minister), who had died. Praladji proved great talent in previously handling conflicting personalities like Santaji during the start of Maratha resurrection after Sambhaji's death. Rajaram, therefore, couldn't deal such a disrespectful provocation without reprimand in order to maintain discipline in Maratha ranks. Even though these were unpardonable provocations during Rajaram's predecessor's time or even according to Santaji's own military standards. The arrest orders were issued by the King to discipline the great warrior to avoid further mischief, but Rajaram would not have wanted him assassinated as some popular sources later suggest wrongly. Santaji was already chased by his enemies in both camps, Marathas and Moguls.
In June 1696, by order of Rajaram, Dhanaji attacked Santaji for his rebellion near Vriddhachalam but had to turn back. In March 1697, Dhanaji defeated Santaji at Dahigaon with the help of Hanmantrao Nimbalkar.
[[Jadunath Sarkar]], a renowned historian on Maratha history, provides a great insight in his book, House of Shivaji, about the heroics and fall of Santaji Ghorpade. [[Khafi Khan]] writes,"Shanta used to inflict severe punishments on his followers. For the slightest fault he would cause the offender to be trampled to death under an elephant." The man who insists on efficiency and discipline in a trophical country makes himself universally unpopular, and, therefore, we are not surprised when we learn from Khafi Khan that " Most of Maratha Nobles became Shanta's enemies and made a secret agreement with his rival Dhanaji Jadhav to destroy him."
In May 1696, Dhanaji attacked Santaji but Santaji was victorious and was able to capture one of Dhanaji's key member, Amritrao Nimbalkar. Santaji later trampled him to death under an elephant. Amritrao's sister, Radhabai, was married to Nagoji Mane of Mhaswad, who then worked for Moguls. The loving sister demanded her husband to avenge the death of her brother.
In Masir-i-Alamgiri, Aurangzeb's biography, depicts an account of Santaji, "On the way to Jingee, this wretch had a fight with Dhana Jadhav, who was escorting Rajaram there, on account of an old quarrel. Shanta triumphed, and caused Amritrao, the brother-in-law of Nagoji, comrade and assistant of Dhana, to be crushed under an elephant. He also captured Rajaram but Dhana escaped. The next day Shanta appeared before Rajaram with his wrists bound together, pleading," I am the same loyal servant(as before). My rudeness was due to this that you wanted to make Dhana my equal and reach Jingi with his help. I shall now do whatever you bid me." Then he released Rajaram and conducted Rajaram to Jinjee.
Another cause of Satanji's attitude of aloofness from the government was his being drawn into the cross-currents of ministerial rivalry of the western capital of Maharashtra. He sided with Parshuram the rival of Ramchandra Pant, otherwise known as Amatya.
Dhana Jadhav was preferred by Rajaram and Ramchandra Pant, latter was more of regeant to Rajaram and conducted all his affairs in Maratha resurrection after the death of Sambhaji. Dhana was also well praised in Mogul records and preferred in any negotiations arose between Marathas and Mogul Chieftains. Dhana was the great-grandson of Jijabai's brother. Jijabai was also the grandmother of Rajaram. Santaji was possibly the grandson of Baji Ghorpade, who arrested and humiliated the grandfather of Rajaram, Shahji in Adilshah court in 1648. This, however, unlikely had any bearing on the strained relations between two factions. Shahji Raje helped many of his Maratha relatives rise to power, and Ghorpades also benefitted greatly from his benevolence.
14 டிசம்பர் 1692 அன்று சந்தாஜி, முகலாயப் படைத்தலைவர் அலிமார்தன் படைகளை வென்று [[செஞ்சிக் கோட்டை]] கைப்பற்றினார்.
==இறப்பு==
1696-ஆம் ஆண்டில் சந்தாஜி கோர்படே முகலாயப் படைத்தலைவரால் கொல்லப்பட்டார்..<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62691|title=Maasir-i- Alamgiri|date=1947}}</ref>
An imperial order from [[Aurangzeb|emperor Aurangzeb]] to pursue Santaji was given to Hamiddudin Khan Bahadur. Khan fought with him and recovered some of the elephants of Qasim Khan, which Santaji had looted earlier. Then Khan was ordered to return to the court, leaving some of his officers to accompany [[Bidar Bakht]], who had been ordered to chase Santaji. Several fights occurred, but Santaji escaped every time.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62691|title=Maasir-i- Alamgiri|date=1947}}</ref>
On the way to Jinji, Santaji had a fight with Dhanaji Jadhav, who was conveying [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]] to Jinji, on account of an old quarrel. Santaji triumphed, and captured Amrit Rao, brother-in-law of Nagoji, had him trampled down by an elephant. Santaji also captured Rajaram, but Dhanaji escaped. The next day Santaji tied his hands and apologised Rajaram for his rudeness. Then he conducted Rajaram to Jinji. Zulfiqar Khan Bahadur was ordered to besiege the fort. The fort was captured but Santaji escaped with Rajaram and went towards Satara to fight with Dhanaji, who was there. In this battle, Dhanaji triumphed. Santaji fled from the field with only a few men to the zammdari of Nagoji, with whom he sought refuge. Nagoji gave him shelter in his house, but his wife, whose brother had been killed by Santaji, urged her husband and another brother not to let Santaji go away alive. Nagoji dismissed, but his wife's brother went in pursuit, seeking for an opportunity to kill Santaji. By this time, Aurangzeb issued an imperial order to [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I|Ghaziuddin khan Feroz Jung]] to pursue Santaji. The troops of Bidar Bhakt and Hamiddudin Khan were placed under his command.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62691|title=Maasir-i- Alamgiri|date=1947}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62691/page/n249/mode/1up|title=Maasir-i- Alamgiri|date=1947}}</ref>
Santaji was killed either by Ghaziuddin Khan's forces or was killed by Mane's brother-in-law. At last, his head was sent to the Emperor by Ghaziuddin Khan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Jadunath|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62691|title=Maasir-i- Alamgiri|date=1947}}</ref>
==மேற்கோள்கள்==
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