நிசாமி காஞ்சவி

நிசாமி காஞ்சவி
நிசாமி காஞ்சவி
	ஒரு கம்பளியில் நிசாமி காஞ்சவியின் உருவம் (1939). காஞ்சா அருங்காட்சியகம், அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு.
பிறப்பு	அண். 1141 (தொடக்க காலமாக அண். 1130ம் கூட பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுகிறது); காஞ்சா, செல்யூக் பேரரசு (நவீன கால அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு)
இறப்பு	1209 (அகவை 68–78); காஞ்சா (சிர்வான்சா அரசமரபு, நவீன கால அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு)
காலம்	12ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு
வகை	நீடித்து நின்று எழுச்சியூட்டும் தன்மையுடைய பாரசீகக் காதல் கவிதைகள், பாரசீக பாடல் வரிக் கவிதைகள், ஞான இலக்கியம்
குறிப்பிடத்தக்க படைப்புகள்	கம்சா அல்லது பாஞ்ச் காஞ்ச் ('ஐந்து பொக்கிஷங்கள்')

நிசாமி காஞ்சவி (பாரசீக மொழி: نظامی گنجوی‎, romanized: நிசாமி காஞ்சவி, lit. 'காஞ்சாவின் நிசாமி'; அண். 1141 – 1209) என்பவர் ஓர் 12ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முஸ்லீம் கவிஞர் ஆவார். இவரது இயற்பெயர் சமாலதீன் அபு முகம்மது இலியாசு இப்னு யூசூப் இப்னு சக்கி^[2] என்பதாகும். பாரசீக இலக்கியத்தில் நீடித்து நின்று எழுச்சியூட்டக் கூடிய படைப்புகளை படைத்த கவிஞர்களில் மிகச் சிறந்த காதல் கவிஞராக நிசாமி கருதப்படுகிறார்.^[3] நீடித்து நின்று எழுச்சியூட்டக் கூடிய பாரசீகப் படைப்புகளுக்கு பேச்சு வழக்கு மற்றும் இயற்கை வலுவாப் பாணியை இவர் கொண்டு வந்தார்.^[4]^[5] இவரது பாரம்பரியமானது ஆப்கானித்தான்,^[6] அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு,^[7] ஈரான்,^[8] குர்திசுத்தான் பகுதி^[9]^[10]^[11] மற்றும் தஜிகிஸ்தான் ஆகிய இடங்களில் பரவலாகப் போற்றப்படுகிறது.^[12] லைலா மற்றும் மஜ்னுன் கதையை இவரே பிரபலப்படுத்தினார்.

மேற்கோள்கள்

↑ "Neẓāmī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. “Greatest romantic epic poet in Persian Literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. [...] Nezami is admired in Persian-speaking lands for his originality and clarity of style, though his love of language for its own sake and of philosophical and scientific learning makes his work difficult for the average reader.”
↑ Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators have mentioned his name as “Ilyas the son of Yusuf the son of Zakki the son of Mua’yyad” while others have mentioned that Mu’ayyad is a title for Zakki. Mohammad Moin, rejects the first interpretation claiming that if it were to mean 'Zakki son of Muayyad' it should have been read as 'Zakki i Muayyad' where izafe (-i-) shows the son-parent relationship but here it is 'Zakki Muayyad' and Zakki ends in silence/stop and there is no izafe (-i-). Some may argue that izafe is dropped due to meter constraints but dropping parenthood izafe is very strange and rare. So it is possible that Muayyad was a sobriquet for Zaki or part of his name (like Muayyad al-Din Zaki). This is supported by the fact that later biographers also state Yusuf was the son of Mu’ayyad
↑ CHARLES-HENRI DE FOUCHÉCOUR, "IRAN:Classical Persian Literature" in Encyclopædia Iranica
↑ "Neẓāmī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. “Greatest romantic epic poet in Persian Literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. [...] Nezami is admired in Persian-speaking lands for his originality and clarity of style, though his love of language for its own sake and of philosophical and scientific learning makes his work difficult for the average reader.”
↑ Meisami, Julie Scott (1995). The Haft Paykar: A Medieval Persian Romance. Oxford University Press. Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu'ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209. His father, who had migrated to Ganja from Qom in north central Iran, may have been a civil servant; his mother was a daughter of a Kurdish chieftain; having lost both parents early in his life, Nizami was brought up by an uncle. He was married three times, and in his poems laments the death of each of his wives, as well as proffering advice to his son Muhammad. He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet
↑ C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
↑ Jan Rypka (Rypka, Jan. ‘Poets and Prose Writers of the Late Saljuq and Mongol Periods’, in The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, ed., Published January 1968. p. 578: As the scene of the greatest flowering of the panegyrical qasida, southern Caucasia occupies a prominent place in New Persian literary history. But this region also gave to the world Persia’s finest creator of romantic epics. Hakim Jamal al-din Abu Muhammad Ilyas b. Yusuf b. Zaki b. Mu’ayyad Nizami a native of Ganja in Azarbaijan, is an unrivaled master of thoughts and words, a poet whose freshness and vigor all the succeeding centuries have been unable to dull. Little is known of his life, the only source being his own works, which in many cases provided no reliable information. We can only deduce that he was born between 535 and 540 (1140–46) and that his background was urban. Modern Azarbaijan is exceedingly proud of its world famous son and insists that he was not just a native of the region, but that he came from its own Turkic stock. At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.
↑ C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
↑ Vladimir Minorsky. Studies in Caucasian History. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.
↑ Thomas de Waal. The Caucasus: An Introduction. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.
↑ "Nizami Ganjavi - USSR Politicization - Iranian Persian Civilization - Nezami Ganjei". Azargoshnasp.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.
↑ C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[britannica-1] "Neẓāmī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. “Greatest romantic epic poet in Persian Literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. [...] Nezami is admired in Persian-speaking lands for his originality and clarity of style, though his love of language for its own sake and of philosophical and scientific learning makes his work difficult for the average reader.”

[moin2-2] Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators have mentioned his name as “Ilyas the son of Yusuf the son of Zakki the son of Mua’yyad” while others have mentioned that Mu’ayyad is a title for Zakki. Mohammad Moin, rejects the first interpretation claiming that if it were to mean 'Zakki son of Muayyad' it should have been read as 'Zakki i Muayyad' where izafe (-i-) shows the son-parent relationship but here it is 'Zakki Muayyad' and Zakki ends in silence/stop and there is no izafe (-i-). Some may argue that izafe is dropped due to meter constraints but dropping parenthood izafe is very strange and rare. So it is possible that Muayyad was a sobriquet for Zaki or part of his name (like Muayyad al-Din Zaki). This is supported by the fact that later biographers also state Yusuf was the son of Mu’ayyad

[IranicaClassical2-3] CHARLES-HENRI DE FOUCHÉCOUR, "IRAN:Classical Persian Literature" in Encyclopædia Iranica

[britannica2-4] "Neẓāmī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. “Greatest romantic epic poet in Persian Literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. [...] Nezami is admired in Persian-speaking lands for his originality and clarity of style, though his love of language for its own sake and of philosophical and scientific learning makes his work difficult for the average reader.”

[Oxford2-5] Meisami, Julie Scott (1995). The Haft Paykar: A Medieval Persian Romance. Oxford University Press. Abû Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki Mu'ayyad, known by his pen-name of Nizami, was born around 1141 in Ganja, the capital of Arran in Transcaucasian Azerbaijan, where he remained until his death in about 1209. His father, who had migrated to Ganja from Qom in north central Iran, may have been a civil servant; his mother was a daughter of a Kurdish chieftain; having lost both parents early in his life, Nizami was brought up by an uncle. He was married three times, and in his poems laments the death of each of his wives, as well as proffering advice to his son Muhammad. He lived in an age of both political instability and intense intellectual activity, which his poems reflect; but little is known about his life, his relations with his patrons, or the precise dates of his works, as the accounts of later biographers are colored by the many legends built up around the poet

[FrancoisePersianLiterature2-6] C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[Rypka2-7] Jan Rypka (Rypka, Jan. ‘Poets and Prose Writers of the Late Saljuq and Mongol Periods’, in The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, ed., Published January 1968. p. 578: As the scene of the greatest flowering of the panegyrical qasida, southern Caucasia occupies a prominent place in New Persian literary history. But this region also gave to the world Persia’s finest creator of romantic epics. Hakim Jamal al-din Abu Muhammad Ilyas b. Yusuf b. Zaki b. Mu’ayyad Nizami a native of Ganja in Azarbaijan, is an unrivaled master of thoughts and words, a poet whose freshness and vigor all the succeeding centuries have been unable to dull. Little is known of his life, the only source being his own works, which in many cases provided no reliable information. We can only deduce that he was born between 535 and 540 (1140–46) and that his background was urban. Modern Azarbaijan is exceedingly proud of its world famous son and insists that he was not just a native of the region, but that he came from its own Turkic stock. At all events his mother was of Iranian origin, the poet himself calling her Ra’isa and describing her as Kurdish.

[FrancoisePersianLiterature3-8] C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[9] Vladimir Minorsky. Studies in Caucasian History. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.

[10] Thomas de Waal. The Caucasus: An Introduction. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.

[11] "Nizami Ganjavi - USSR Politicization - Iranian Persian Civilization - Nezami Ganjei". Azargoshnasp.net. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2014-03-23.

[FrancoisePersianLiterature4-12] C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and François de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature – A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period.", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-947593-47-0. p. 363: "Nizami Ganja’i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation." begun by C. A. Storey (Author), Francois De Blois (Author). Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Poetry c. A.D. 1100-1225 (Volume V Part 2). Royal Asiatic Society Books. p. 438. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 094759311X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

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