நீலம்: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு
உள்ளடக்கம் நீக்கப்பட்டது உள்ளடக்கம் சேர்க்கப்பட்டது
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வரிசை 19:
இந்து சமயத்தில் [[திருமால்]] நீல மேனி உடையவராயும், [[சிவன்]] ஆலகாலக் கொடு நஞ்சை அருந்தி அது அவரது கழுத்தில் தங்கியதால் நீலகண்டராகவும் கருதப்படுகின்றனர்.
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File:Toulon Harbour.JPG|Blue is the colour of the deep sea and the clear sky. The harbour of [[Toulon]], France, on the [[Mediterranean]] Sea.
File:Solid blue.svg|Pure blue, also known as high blue, is not mixed with any other colours.
File:000080 Navy Blue Square.svg|[[Navy blue]], also known as low blue, is the darkest shade of pure blue.
File:Gabbiano cielo.jpg|[[Sky blue]] or pale [[azure (color)|azure]], mid-way on the RBG colour wheel between blue and cyan.
File:Indigo plant extract sample.jpg|Extract of natural [[Indigo]], the most popular blue dye before the invention of synthetic dyes. It was the colour of the first [[jeans|blue jeans]].
File:Lapis lazuli block.jpg|A block of [[lapis lazuli]], originally used to make ultramarine.
File:Ultramarineblue.jpg|[[Ultramarine]], the most expensive blue during the Renaissance, is a slightly violet-blue.
File:Cobalt blue.jpg|[[Cobalt]] has been used since 2000 BC to colour [[cobalt glass]], [[Chinese porcelain]], and the [[stained glass]] windows of medieval cathedrals.
File:Cobaltblue.jpg|The synthetic pigment [[cobalt blue]] was invented in 1802, and was popular with [[Vincent van Gogh]] and other impressionist painters.
File:Cyan-square.gif|[[Cyan]] is made by mixing equal amounts of blue and green light, or removing red from white light.
File:Common Teal (Anas crecca) near Hodal, Haryana W IMG 6512.jpg|The colour [[teal]] takes its name from the colour around the eyes of the [[common teal]] duck.
File:Tripodic goblet Louvre AO4079.jpg|[[Egyptian blue]] goblet from Mesopotamia, 1500–1300 BC. This was the first synthetic blue, first made in about 2500 BC.
File:Prussian blue.jpg|[[Prussian blue]], invented in 1707, was the first modern synthetic blue.
File:Ceruleanblue.jpg|[[Cerulean blue]] pigment was invented in 1805 and first marketed in 1860. It was frequently used for painting skies.
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File:Mesolapis.jpg|[[Lapis lazuli]] pendant from [[Mesopotamia]] (Circa 2900 BC).
File:Lapis bowl Iran.JPG|A lapis azuli bowl from Iran (End of 3rd, beginning 2nd millennium BC)
File:Blue hippo Egypt.JPG|A hippo decorated with aquatic plants, made of faience with a blue glaze, made to resemble lapis lazuli. (2033–1710 BC)
File:"Pond in a Garden" (fresco from the Tomb of Nebamun).jpg|[[Egyptian blue]] colour in a tomb painting (Around 1500 BC)
File:Egyptian - Faience Bowl - Walters 48451 - Interior.jpg|Egyptian faience bowl (Between 1550 and 1450 BC)
File:Egyptian - "Malqata Kateriskos" Vessel - Walters 4732 - Profile.jpg|a decorated cobalt glass vessel from Ancient Egypt (1450–1350 BC)
File:Tutmask.jpg|The blue eyebrows in the gold funeral mask of King Tutankhamun are made of lapis lazuli. Other blues in the mask are made of turquoise, glass and faience.
File:Seth tomb blue.JPG|Figure of a servant from the tomb of King Seth I (1244–1279 BC). The figure is made of [[faience]] with a blue glaze, designed to resemble turquoise.
File:Babylon relief.jpg|A lion against a blue background from the [[Ishtar Gate]] of ancient [[Babylon]]. (575 BC)
File:Pompejanischer Maler um 30 001.jpg|A Roman wall painting of [[Venus]] and her son [[Eros]], from Pompeii (about 30 BC)
File:Metropolitan wall painting Roman 1C BC 7.jpg|Mural in the bedroom of the villa of Fannius Synestor in [[Boscoreale]], (50-40 BC) in the [[Metropolitan Museum]].
File:China qing blue.JPG| A painted pottery pot coloured with [[Han blue]] from the [[Han Dynasty]] in China (206 BC to 220 AD).
File:Eastern Han Luoyang Mural of Liubo players.jpg|A tomb painting from the eastern [[Han Dynasty]] (25–220 AD) in [[Henan]] Province, [[China]].
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File:Meister des Mausoleums der Galla Placidia in Ravenna 001.jpg|Blue Byzantine mosaic ceiling representing the night sky in the [[Mausoleum of Galla Placidia]] in [[Ravenna]], Italy (5th century).
File:Hagiasophia-christ.jpg|Blue mosaic in the cloak of Christ in the [[Hagia Sophia]] church in [[Istanbul]] (13th century).
File:Bowl with rosettes from Iran, 12th century, glazed stone-paste, HAA.JPG|Glazed stone-paste bowl from [[Persia]] (12th century).
File:Mubarakshah ibn Qutb - Left Side of a Double-page Illuminated Frontispiece - Walters W5592A - Full Page.jpg|Decorated page of a [[Koran]] from [[Persia]] (1373 AD)
File:HeratFridayMosque.jpg| Blue tile on the facade of the Friday Mosque in [[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]] (15th century).
File:Behzad advice ascetic.jpg|[[Persian miniature]] from the 16th century.
File:4219 Istanbul - Topkapi - Harem - Sala di Murat III - Foto G. Dall'Orto 27-5-2006.jpg|Decoration in the [[Murat III]] hall of the [[Topkapi Palace]] in [[Istanbul]] (16th century).
File:Tile panel flowers Louvre OA3919-2-297.jpg|Flower-pattern tile from [[Iznik]], Turkey, from second half of 16th century.
File:Granada Alhambra gazelle Poterie 9019.JPG|Gazelle against a blue sky in the Alhambra Palace, Spain (14th century)
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File:Basilique Saint-Denis chapelle de la Vierge.jpg|Stained glass windows of the Basilica of Saint Denis (1141–1144).
File:Chartres - cathédrale - ND de la belle verrière.JPG|Notre Dame de la belle verriere window, Chartres Cathedral. (1180–1225).
File:Baptism Sainte-Chapelle MNMA Cl23717.jpg|Detail of the windows at Sainte-Chapelle (1250).
File:Duccio maesta1021.jpg|The Maesta by [[Duccio]] (1308) showed the Virgin Mary in a robe painted with ultramarine. Blue became the colour of holiness, virtue and humility.
File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|In the 12th century blue became part of the royal coat of arms of France.
File:Wilton diptych.jpg|The [[Wilton Diptych]], made for King [[Richard II of England]], made lavish use of [[ultramarine]]. (About 1400)
File:Coronation of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile 1223.jpg|The Coronation of King Louis VIII of France in 1223 showed that blue had become the royal colour. (painted in 1450).
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File:Isatis tinctoria02.JPG|[[Isatis tinctoria]], or woad, was the main source of blue dye in Europe from ancient times until the arrival of indigo from Asia and America. It was processed into a paste called pastel.
File:The Hunt of the Unicorn Tapestry 1.jpg|A Dutch tapestry from 1495 to 1505. The blue colour comes from [[woad]].
File:Indigofera tinctoria1.jpg|[[Indigofera tinctoria]], a tropical shrub, is the main source of indigo dye. The chemical composition of indigo dye is the same as that of woad, but the colour is more intense.
File:Indigo-Historische Farbstoffsammlung.jpg|Cakes of indigo. The leaf has been soaked in water, fermented, mixed with lye or another base, then pressed into cakes and dried, ready for export.
File:Schreber woad mill 1752.JPG|A woad mill in [[Thuringia]], in Germany, in 1752. The woad industry was already on its way to extinction, unable to compete with indigo blue.
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File:Inf. Regiment Nr.3.jpg|Elector Frederic William of Brandenburg gave his soldiers blue uniforms (engraving from 1698). When Brandenburg became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, blue became the uniform colour of the Prussian Army.
File:Lieutenant with Cutter 1777.jpg|Uniform of a lieutenant in the [[Royal Navy]] (1777). Marine blue became the official colour of the Royal Navy uniform coat in 1748.
File:Washington 1779.jpg|George Washington chose blue and buff as the colours of the [[Continental Army]] uniform. They were the colours of the English [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] Party, which Washington admired.
File:Le serment de La Fayette a la fete de la Federation 14 July 1790 French School 18th century.jpg|The [[Marquis de Lafayette]] in the uniform of the [[Garde Nationale]] during the French Revolution (1790).
File:ESM St Cyr cadets DSC03305.JPG|The cadets of the [[Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr]], the French military academy, still wear the blue and red uniform of the French army before 1915.
File:Police uniform NY 1854.jpg|In 1853, New York policemen and firemen were officially outfitted in navy blue uniforms.
File:Very friendly MPS officers in London.jpg|[[Metropolitan Police]] officers in Soho, London (2007).
File:5.29.10NYPDByLuigiNovi6.jpg|New York City police officers on Times Square (2010).
File:Chicago police officer on segway.jpg|Chicago policeman in blue on a [[Segway PT]] (2005)
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File:Great Wave off Kanagawa2.jpg|The 19th-century Japanese woodblock artist, [[Hokusai]] used [[Prussian blue]], a synthetic colour imported from Europe, in his wave paintings.
File:Indigoproduktion BASF 1890.JPG|A synthetic indigo dye factory in Germany in 1890. The manufacture of this dye ended the trade in indigo from America and India that had begun in the 15th century.
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File:La Gare Saint-Lazare.jpg|[[Claude Monet]] used several recently invented colours in his ''Gare Saint-Lazare'' (1877). He used [[cobalt blue]], invented in 1807, [[cerulean blue]] invented in 1860, and French [[ultramarine]], first made in 1828.
File:Claude Monet 042.jpg|In ''Régate à Argenteuil'' (1872), Monet used two complementary colours together — blue and orange — to brighten the effect of both colours.
File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 122.jpg|''Umbrellas'', by Pierre Auguste-Renoir. (1881 and 1885). Renoir used cobalt blue for right side of the picture, but used the new synthetic ultramarine introduced in the 1870s, when he added two figures to left of the picture a few years later.
File:VanGogh-Irises 1.jpg|In Vincent van Gogh's Irises, the blue irises are placed against their complementary colour, yellow-orange.
File:Starry Night Over the Rhone.jpg|Van Gogh's ''Starry Night Over the Rhone'' (1888). Blue used to create a mood or atmosphere. A cobalt blue sky, and cobalt or ultramarine water.
File:Vincent Willem van Gogh 041.jpg|''Wheatfield under clouded sky'' (July 1890), One of the last paintings by [[Vincent van Gogh]], He wrote of cobalt blue, "there is nothing so beautiful for putting atmosphere around things."
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File:Louis-innocentiv.jpg |King [[Louis IX of France]] (on the right, with Pope Innocent) was the first European king to wear blue. It quickly became the colour of the nobles and wealthy.
File:Anthony Lee Portrait of Joseph Leeson, later 1st Earl of Milltown.jpg|Joseph Leeson, later 1st Earl of Milltown, in the typical dress of the English country gentleman in the 1730s.
File:Charles James Fox00.jpg| [[Charles James Fox]], a leader of the [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] Party in England, wore a blue suit in Parliament in support of George Washington and the American Revolution. Portrait by [[Joshua Reynolds]] (1782).
File:BrummellDighton1805.jpg|[[Beau Brummel]] introduced the ancestor of the modern blue suit, shaped to the body, with a coat, long trousers, waistcoat, white shirt and elaborate [[cravat]] (1805).
File:Mens fashion plate 1826 2.jpg|Man's suit, 1826. Dark blue suits were still rare; this one is blue-green or [[teal]].
File:Caillebotte Hugot.jpg|Man's blue suit in the 1870s, Paris. Painting by [[Caillebotte]]. In the second half of the 19th century the monochrome suit had become the fashion, but most suits were black.
File:1962 Entrance Hall (Official White House) Christmas tree - Jack and Jacqueline Kennedy.jpg|President [[John Kennedy]] popularised the blue two-button business suit, less formal than the suits of his predecessors. (1961)
File:G20 - Cumbre de Cannes - 20011103.jpg| In the 21st century, the dark blue business suit is the most common style worn by world leaders, seen here at the 2011 [[G-20 Summit]] in [[Cannes]], France.
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File:Old guitarist chicago.jpg|During his [[Blue Period]], [[Pablo Picasso]] used blue as the colour of melancholy.
File:Kuznetsov vstepi.jpg|The Russian avant-garde painter [[Pavel Kuznetsov]] and his group, the [[Blue Rose]], used blue to symbolise fantasy and exoticism. ''This is In the Steppe- Mirage'' (1911).
File:Kandinsky-Blue Rider.jpg|The [[Blue Rider]] (1903), by [[Wassily Kandinsky]], For Kandinsky, blue was the colour of spirituality: the darker the blue, the more it awakened human desire for the eternal.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
File:Matisse Conversation.jpg|''The Conversation'' (1908–1912) by [[Henri Matisse]] used blue to express the emotions he wanted the viewer to feel.
File:Jeans for men.jpg|[[Jeans|Blue jeans]], made of [[denim]] coloured with [[indigo]] dye, patented by [[Levi Strauss]] in 1873, became an essential part of the wardrobe of young people beginning in the 1950s.
File:UN Soldiers in Eritrea.jpeg|Blue is the colour of [[United Nations peacekeepers]], known as Blue Helmets. These soldiers are patrolling the border between [[Ethiopia]] and [[Eritrea]].
File:Luminol2006.jpg|Vivid blues can be created by chemical reactions, called [[chemiluminescence]]. This is [[luminol]], a chemical used in crime scene investigations. Luminol glows blue when it contacts even a tiny trace of blood.
<!-- Deleted image removed: File:International Klein Blue.jpg|[[International Klein blue]], a colour invented and patented in 1962 by the artist [[Yves Klein]], who also made this sculpture. -->
File:Blaues pferd.jpg|Blue [[neon lighting]], first used in commercial advertising, is now used in works of art. This is ''Zwei Pferde für Münster'' (''Two horses for Münster''), a neon sculpture by [[:de:Stephan Huber|Stephan Huber]] (2002), in Munster, Germany.
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File:Lapis-lazuli hg.jpg|[[Lapis lazuli]], mined in [[Afghanistan]] for more than three thousand years, was used for jewellery and ornaments, and later was crushed and powdered and used as a pigment. The more it was ground, the lighter the blue colour became.
File:Azurite from China.jpg |[[Azurite]], common in Europe and Asia, is produced by the weathering of [[copper]] ore deposits. It was crushed and powdered and used as a pigment from ancient times,
File:Natural ultramarine pigment.jpg|Natural [[ultramarine]], made by grinding and purifying lapis lazuli, was the finest available blue pigment in the Middle Ages and the [[Renaissance]]. It was extremely expensive, and in [[Italian Renaissance]] art, it was often reserved the robes of the [[Virgin Mary]].
File:Egyptian blue.jpg|[[Egyptian blue]], the first artificial pigment, created in the third millennium BC in Ancient Egypt by grinding sand, [[copper]] and [[natron]], and then heating them. It was often used in tomb paintings and funereal objects to protect the dead in their afterlife.
File:Azuritepigment.jpg|Ground azurite was often in Renaissance used as a substitute for the much more expensive lapis lazuli. It made a rich blue, but was unstable and could turn dark green over time.
File:PB35 Bleu Céruléum.JPG| [[Cerulean]] was created with copper and [[cobalt oxide]], and used to make a sky blue colour. Like azurite, it could fade or turn green.
File:Cobalt Blue.JPG|[[Cobalt blue]]. Cobalt has been used for centuries to colour glass and ceramics; it was used to make the deep blue [[stained glass]] windows of Gothic cathedrals and Chinese [[porcelain]] beginning in the [[T'ang Dynasty]]. In 1799 a French chemist, [[Louis Jacques Thénard]], made a synthetic cobalt blue pigment which became immensely popular with painters.
File:Prussian blue.jpg|[[Prussian blue]] was one of the first synthetic colours, created in Berlin in about 1706 as a substitute for lapis lazuli. It is also the blue used in blueprints.
File:Indigo plant extract sample.jpg|[[Indigo dye]] is made from the [[woad]], [[Indigofera tinctoria]], a plant common in Asia and Africa but little known in Europe until the 15th century. Its importation into Europe revolutionized the colour of clothing. It also became the colour used in blue [[denim]] and [[jeans]]. Nearly all indigo dye produced today is synthetic.
File:Ultramarinepigment.jpg|Synthetic [[ultramarine]] pigment, invented in 1826, has the same chemical composition as natural ultramarine. It is more vivid than natural ultramarine because the particles are smaller and more uniform in size, and thus distribute the light more evenly.
File:Bleu phtalo.jpg|A new synthetic blue created in the 1930s is [[phthalocyanine]], an intense colour widely used for making blue [[ink]], [[dye]], and [[pigment]].
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400px; text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto; width:auto; margin-left:1em;"
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:#FFF;" | [[File:Linear visible spectrum.svg|center|200px|sRGB rendering of the spectrum of visible light]]
|-
![[Color|Colour]]
|[[Frequency]]
|[[Wavelength]]
|-
| style="background:#ccb0f4;"|'''[[violet (color)|violet]]'''
|668–789 THz
|380–450 nm
|-
| style="background:#b0b0f4;"|'''blue'''
|606–668 THz
|450–495 nm
|-
| style="background:#b0f4b0;"|'''[[green]]'''
|526–606 THz
|495–570 nm
|-
| style="background:#f4f4b0;"|'''[[yellow]]'''
|508–526 THz
|570–590 nm
|-
| style="background:#f4ccb0;"|'''[[orange (colour)|orange]]'''
|484–508 THz
|590–620 nm
|-
| style="background:#f4b0b0;"|'''[[red]]'''
|400–484 THz
|620–750 nm
|}
== இவற்றையும் பார்க்கவும் ==
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