நான்கு புனித நகர்கள்

நான்கு புனித நகர்கள் (Four Holy Cities; எபிரேயம்: ארבע ערי הקודש‎) என்பது எருசலேம், எபிரோன், சேப்பாத், திபேரியு ஆகிய நகர்களைக் குறிக்கும், யூத பாரம்பரியத்தில் உள்ள பொதுவான வரையறையும், பாலத்தீனத்தை உதுமானியர்கள் வெற்றி கொண்ட பின் யூத வாழ்வின் நான்கு பிரதான மையங்களும் ஆகும்.^[1] "புனித நகர்கள்" என்ற கருத்து 1640 களில் உருவானது.^[1] 1740 இல் திபேரியு இதனுள் உள்வாங்கப்பட்டது.^[1]

1906 யூத கலைக்களஞ்சியத்தின்படி, எருசலேம், எபிரோன், சேப்பாத், திபேரியு என்பன நான்கு புனித நகர்கள் எனக் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளன.^[2]

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↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 The Encyclopedia of Judaism. (1989). Ed. Wigoder, Geoffrey. Macmillan. 768. அணுகப்பட்டது சூலை 1, 2012. “Term applied to the Erets Israel cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias. These were the four main centers of Jewish life after the Ottoman conquest of 1516. The concept of the holy cities dates only from the 1640s, when the Jewish communities of Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed organized an association to improve the system of fundraising in the Diaspora. Previously, such fundraising had been undertaken by individual institutions; now it was agreed that the emissaries would be sent on behalf of each urban Jewish community as a whole, with not more than one emissary per town. After Tiberias was refounded in 1740, it also joined the association. This arrangement did not last long, however, and by the mid-19th century there was no authority strong enough to enforce a centralized collection of ḥalukkah funds. The term "Four Holy Cities" became a convenient designation by historians rather than the title of an actual functioning body. In Jewish tradition, going back to ancient times, the only city regarded as holy is Jerusalem”
↑ Palestine, Holiness Of by Joseph Jacobs, Judah David Eisenstein. Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906 ed.

[EOJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 The Encyclopedia of Judaism. (1989). Ed. Wigoder, Geoffrey. Macmillan. 768. அணுகப்பட்டது சூலை 1, 2012. “Term applied to the Erets Israel cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias. These were the four main centers of Jewish life after the Ottoman conquest of 1516. The concept of the holy cities dates only from the 1640s, when the Jewish communities of Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed organized an association to improve the system of fundraising in the Diaspora. Previously, such fundraising had been undertaken by individual institutions; now it was agreed that the emissaries would be sent on behalf of each urban Jewish community as a whole, with not more than one emissary per town. After Tiberias was refounded in 1740, it also joined the association. This arrangement did not last long, however, and by the mid-19th century there was no authority strong enough to enforce a centralized collection of ḥalukkah funds. The term "Four Holy Cities" became a convenient designation by historians rather than the title of an actual functioning body. In Jewish tradition, going back to ancient times, the only city regarded as holy is Jerusalem”

[2] Palestine, Holiness Of by Joseph Jacobs, Judah David Eisenstein. Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906 ed.

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