விக்கிப்பீடியா:வார்ப்புருத் தகவல்கள்/கட்டுரை மூலங்கள்

See also: விக்கிப்பீடியா:மேற்கோள் சுட்டுதல் and WP:Cleanup resources

This page contains the following:

• Issues with sources: this is for tagging issues with sources; they are either inline tags, or message boxes for sections or entire pages. You could also leave a note on the talk page asking for a source, or move the material to the talk page and ask for a source there. There are also some templates for search links to find sources. Transcluded from விக்கிப்பீடியா:விக்கிப்பீடியா:வார்ப்புருத் தகவல்கள்/துப்புரவு/உறுதிசெய்தலும் மூலமும்.
• Including third-party content: these are templates for referencing content for some specific sources: United States government, public domain and wikis.
• Citations for footnotes and for linking: examples transcluded from Template:Ref/examples.
• Citations of specific sources: inline citation templates for a few specific sources.
• Citations of generic sources: general inline citation templates transcluded from Wikipedia:Citation templates

Issues with sources

Is the article worth it?

Before placing templates on a page it is worthwhile to consider whether it should in fact be included in Wikipedia according to விக்கிப்பீடியா:தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா இவை அன்று. Some articles can be tagged for speedy deletion or marked as an article for deletion.

Dates

It is useful to add the date of the request (or sometimes, a bot will assist by doing it automatically) by appending |date=month year to the template code, like this: {{Unreferenced|date=நவம்பர் 2024}} to produce this:

Including third-party content

United States government attribution templates

These templates can be added to articles (close to the end of the article, in the References or External links section, for example). Before adding the template to an article, check the details of the usage—some templates require parameters such as a URL. Most of these templates add the articles to the category Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government.

Template	Display
{{US Air Force}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Air Force.
{{AFHRA}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
{{Bioguide}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
{{CDC}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
{{CIA World Factbook}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the த வேர்ல்டு ஃபக்ட்புக்.
{{USCG}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Coast Guard.
{{DADS}} Talk	Black, Paul E. "{{{1}}}". Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. NIST.
{{DANFS}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
{{DHS}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Homeland Security.
{{DoE}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Energy.
{{FJC Bio}} Talk	{{{article}}} at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
{{FS1037C}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C".
{{FS1037C MS188}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C" (in support of [MIL-STD-18]]).
{{GHR}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the United States National Library of Medicine document "Genetics Home Reference".
{{Loc}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.
{{Marine Corps}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
{{NARA}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration.
{{NASA}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the நாசா.
{{NCBI-handbook}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the National Center for Biotechnology Information document "NCBI Handbook".
{{NCBI-scienceprimer}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the NCBI document "Science Primer".
{{NCI-cancer-dict}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the U.S. National Cancer Institute document "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".
{{NHC}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History & Heritage Command.
{{NIMH}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institute of Mental Health.
{{NIST-PD}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
{{NLM content}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
{{NPS}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.
{{NPS.Gov}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.
{{NTSB}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.
{{NVR}} Talk	This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.
{{OSGguide}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Office of the Solicitor General.
{{Recreation.Gov}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Recreation Reservation Service.
{{US DOS}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
{{US DOS Background Notes}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).
{{US Army}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army.
{{USACE.Army.Mil}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
{{USDA}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Agriculture.
{{USDHHS-PD}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
{{USGS}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey.
{{USGovernment}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.
{{USGovernment-Navy}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Navy.
{{USGovernment-courts}} Talk	This article incorporates written opinion of a United States federal court. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the text is in the public domain. "[T]he Court is unanimously of opinion that no reporter has or can have any copyright in the written opinions delivered by this Court.” Wheaton v. Peters, 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 591, 668 (1834)
{{Usgs-gazetteer}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document " " (content from the Geographic Names Information System).

Other

Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.

Public domain

What to type	What it makes	Where it goes
{{1728}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  "article name needed". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (first). (1728). James and John Knapton, et al.	Articles near bottom
{{1771 Britannica}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the 1771 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{1911}} Talk	இந்தக் கட்டுரை  தற்போது பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பிலுள்ள நூலிலிருந்து உரையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது:  பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம் (11th). (1911). Cambridge University Press.	Articles near bottom
{{Sect1911}} Talk	This section incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம் (11th). (1911).	Articles at the end of a section
{{1913}} Talk	இந்தக் கட்டுரை இப்போது பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பில் உள்ள ஒரு பிரசுரத்தின் உரையை உள்ளடக்கியது: Porter, Noah, ed. (1913), Webster's Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: C. & G. Merriam Co.	Articles near bottom
{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: John William Cousin (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. Wikisource	Articles near bottom
{{Catholic}} Talk	இந்தக் கட்டுரை தற்போது பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பில் உள்ள வெளியீடு ஒன்றின் பகுதிகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளது:  Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). நியூயோர்க்: இராபர்ட் ஆப்பில்டன்.	Articles near bottom
{{DCBL}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  "article name needed". Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (third). (1911). London: John Murray.	Articles near bottom
{{DNB}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பு:  Dictionary of National Biography. (1885–1900). London: Smith, Elder & Co.	Articles near bottom
{{Eastons}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பு: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "article name needed". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised). T. Nelson and Sons.	Articles at top
{{Etude}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication that prior to 1923, is in the public domain: The Etude, Philadelphia: Theodore Presser Company {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |separator= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)	Articles near bottom
{{Gray's}} Talk	பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பில் இருக்கும் ஹென்றி கிரேயின் மனித உடற்கூற்றியல் (20-ம் பதிப்பு, 1918) நூல்.	Articles near bottom
{{Grocers}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ward, Artemas (1911). The Grocer's Encyclopedia.	Articles near bottom
{{GSE}} Talk	GSE: {{{1}}}	Articles near bottom
{{JargonFile}} Talk	This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{JewishEncyclopedia}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பு:  Jewish Encyclopedia. (1901–1906).	Articles near bottom
{{KeyTarot}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text.	Articles near bottom
{{NHC}} Talk	This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History & Heritage Command.	Articles near bottom
{{Owl}} Talk	This article contains content from the Owl Edition of Nordisk familjebok, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904 and 1926, now in the public domain.	Articles near bottom
{{pg}} Talk	This article incorporates facts obtained from: Lawrence Kestenbaum, The Political Graveyard {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER4=, |HIDE_PARAMETER1=, |HIDE_PARAMETER5=, |HIDE_PARAMETER3=, and |HIDE_PARAMETER2= (help)	Articles near bottom
{{RBD}} Talk	This article includes content derived from the Russian Biographical Dictionary, 1896–1918.	Articles near bottom
{{Schaff-Herzog}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  "article name needed". New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third). (1914). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.	Articles near bottom
{{SeyffertDCA}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894).	Articles near bottom
{{SmithDGRA}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  "article name needed". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. (1870). London: John Murray.	Articles near bottom
{{DGRBM}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பு:  "article name needed". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. (1870).	Articles near bottom
{{DGRG}} Talk	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the பொது உரிமைப் பரப்பு:  "article name needed". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. (1854–1857). London: John Murray.	Articles near bottom
{{Vectorsite}} Talk	The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite.	Articles Reference

Wikis

For interwiki translation and other copying, see Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia.

What to type	What it makes	Where it goes
{{Citizendium}} Talk	This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "வார்ப்புருத் தகவல்கள்/கட்டுரை மூலங்கள்", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.	Articles near bottom
{{from Camerapedia}} Talk	This article was originally based on one in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License.	Articles bottom
{{from Comixpedia}} Talk	வார்ப்புரு:From Comixpedia	Articles bottom
{{FOLDOC}} Talk	This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.	Articles near bottom
{{OpenHistory}} Talk	This article incorporates text from OpenHistory.	Articles near bottom
{{wookieepedia content}} Talk		Talk pages

Citations for footnotes and for linking

The following examples are examples of Wikipedia:Footnotes from {{Ref/examples}} are rendered as a template in the following table. These references can be used with the citations above to create a link from the text to the references.

What to type

What it makes

Linking and footnote templates Tags attached to links in text area: "{{ref}} example{{ref|reference1}}"—Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1". "{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|2|none}}"—Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "example.com". Text is marked with the number "2". For two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would: "{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|a}}" "{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|b}}" "{{ref label}} example{{ref label|nextexample.com|4|4}}" Tags attached to links in References or Footnote section: "#{{note|reference1}} example of {{note}}"—In References section, citation labeled "reference1". "#{{note label|example.com|2|none}}"—In References section, citation labeled "example.comnone". Creates backlink to matching {{ref label}} entry in the text labeled "example.comnone". Now, if you have two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would do: "#{{note label|example.com|3|a}}{{note label|example.com|3|b}} example of {{note label}}" "{{note label|nextexample.com|4|4}} example of {{note label}}" "{{note label|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}Jones (1999) {{note label}}"—Note that when the 3rd unnamed parameter is specified as "none", the ^ symbol is rendered for the backlink. "{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}Smith (2000)"

In text area: {{ref}} example {{ref label}} example {{ref label}} example {{ref label}} example {{ref label}} example In References or Footnote section: ^ example of {{note}} ^ example of {{note label}} a b example of {{note label}} 4 example of {{note label}} ^ Jones (1999) {{note label}} a b Smith (2000)

Citations of specific sources

Notes:

• See also Wikipedia:Template messages/Links#External links for components of online citations such as DOIs.
• ISBNs are autolinked by the Wikipedia software; see Wikipedia:ISBN.
• RFC references such as "RFC 2821" are also autolinked.
• பப்மெட்s are also autolinked; see Wikipedia:PMID.

What to type	What it makes
{{ITIS|ID=|taxon=|accessdate=}} Talk	"Genus species". ஒருங்கிணைந்த வகைப்பாட்டியல் தகவல் அமைப்பு (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 1 சனவரி 2004.
{{FishBase species|genus=|species=|year=|month=}} Talk	"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase species alt|ID=|taxon=|year=|month=}} Talk	Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2004). Genus species in FishBase. January 2004 version.
{{FishBase_genus|genus=|year=|month=}} Talk	Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (Year). Species of Genus in FishBase. Month Year version.
{{FishBase family|family=|year=|month=}} Talk	Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (Year). "Family" in FishBase. Month Year version.
{{IUCN|author=|title=|year=|ID=|IUCN_Year=}} Talk	Lastname, Firstname Initial (Year). "Title". பன்னாட்டு இயற்கைப் பாதுகாப்புச் சங்கத்தின் செம்பட்டியல் பதிப்பு IUCN_Year. பன்னாட்டு இயற்கைப் பாதுகாப்புச் சங்கம். {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
{{Gutenberg | no=6656 | name=The Kiltartan Poetry Book}} Talk	The Kiltartan Poetry Book at குட்டன்பேர்க் திட்டம்
{{MathWorld | urlname=PetersenGraph | title=Petersen Graph}} Talk	Weisstein, Eric W., "Petersen Graph", MathWorld.
{{ScienceWorld | urlname=biography/Einstein.html | title=Albert Einstein}} Talk	Weisstein, Eric W., Albert Einstein from ScienceWorld.
{{Wipipedia|Wiki_pagename_with_underscores}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the article on Wiki_pagename_with_underscores in Wipipedia, the free-content Fetish and BDSM encyclopedia.
The Encyclopedia of World History at Bartleby.com {{worldhistory|section=|quote=}}	section – the portion between http://www.bartleby.com/67/ and .html in the URL of the page you wish to cite. For example, if I wished to cite http://www.bartleby.com/67/716.html, the section is 716. quote – What do you want the first part of the included text to read. The default is Citation. Example: {{worldhistory|section=716|quote=Diderot's encyclopedia banned in 1751}} Creates: Diderot's encyclopedia banned in 1751 from The Encyclopedia of World History Sixth Edition, Peter N. Stearns (general editor), © 2001 The Houghton Mifflin Company, at Bartleby.com.
USGS Geographic Names Information System {{Cite gnis|id|name|type=}}	Example: {{Cite gnis|2410240|Cotati}} Creates: Geographic Names Information System. ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க நில அளவாய்வுத் துறை, United States Department of the Interior.
USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature {{Gpn|id|name}}	Example: {{Gpn|65876|Stickney}} Creates: Blue, Jennifer. "Stickney". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.

Citations of generic sources

"WP:CT" redirects here. WikiProject Connecticut பார்க்க WP:CONN. the capitalisation style of compositions பார்க்க MOS:CT. cleanup templates பார்க்க WP:TC.

See also: WP:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates, such as "citation needed" and many more.

இதனையும் பார்க்க: Wikipedia:Citation tools

இதனையும் பார்க்க: Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference

Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus; see விக்கிப்பீடியா:மேற்கோள் சுட்டுதல் and விக்கிப்பீடியா:மேற்கோள் சுட்டுதல். The various citation templates below may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format.

Use in footnotes

இந்த தலைப்பைப் பற்றி மேலும் அறிய, காண்க: Help:Footnotes.

Instructions on this page may not work with VisualEditor. If you have opted in, you can use either VisualEditor or classic editing through wiki markup (wikitext) to edit most pages. The directions on this page, especially about what codes to type to produce formatting effects, are predominantly geared toward wikitext editing. For instructions on editing with VisualEditor, see Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide.

For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a <ref></ref> button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e. <ref>citation</ref>).

Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see விக்கிப்பீடியா:பக்க வடிவமைப்பு கையேடு and விக்கிப்பீடியா:பக்க வடிவமைப்பு கையேடு for more information on section names:

== Notes ==
<references />

or

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

Using the same footnote multiple times

இந்த தலைப்பைப் பற்றி மேலும் அறிய, காண்க: WP:REFNAME.

Add a name attribute when creating a footnote <ref name="name">citation text</ref>. Thereafter, the footnote may be referenced by just using the following expression <ref name="name" />.

Using multiple pages from the same source

இந்த தலைப்பைப் பற்றி மேலும் அறிய, காண்க: Help:References and page numbers.

When an article cites many different pages from the same source, there are two main methods of unifying them instead of copying a completely new citation. One method is shortened footnotes (see Shortened footnotes), which automatically displays an entirely new reference listing in the References section per unique page citation. Another method is to use the template {{rp}}, which appends any type of positional information (such as page numbers, chapter numbers, or audiovisual time code) directly each given citation in the article body, which would result in text such as appearing after a superscripted footnote number.

Creating links to citations

Wikilinks to citation templates can be created using the templates {{harv}}, {{harvnb}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{sfn}}, etc. For example this "Mumford 1999" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest for inline citations using parenthetical referencing or when using shortened footnotes. (See the examples below or wikilinks to full references)

Using commas rather than periods

{{Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the Citation Style 1 templates, except that the periods are replaced with commas and there is no final period. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{citation}} can be found at {{citation/core}}. The parameters |separator= |postscript= (available for most templates) can also be used to alter the punctuation.

Examples

இப்பகுப்புகளையும் காணவும் —> பகுப்பு: Citation templates

Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video and editorial comics, etc.

• For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it—click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or {{cite xxx}}) in the "template" column of the table below.
• Required field(s) are indicated in bold
• Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
• Following each example is the resulting article text.

For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: Wikipedia:Citation tools.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: Wikipedia:Footnotes.

source	template	common usage	Example 1	Example 2
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | publisher = | series = | volume = | edition = | date = | location = | pages = | language = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}	{{cite book | last = Mumford | first = David | author-link = David Mumford | title = The Red Book of V... | publisher = [[இசுபிரிங்கர் பதிப்பகம்]] | series = Lecture Notes ... | volume = 1358 | edition = 2nd expanded | location = Berlin | date = 1999 | page = 198 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X | mr = 1748380 | zbl = 0945.14001 }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1358 (2nd expanded ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 198. எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி:10.1007/b62130. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 354063293X. MR 1748380. Zbl 0945.14001.	{{cite book | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R. | first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb | first3 =David | last3 = Noonan | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | location = Berlin | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | pages = 198–203 | date = September 2001 | isbn = 0-786918-50-0 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (செப்டெம்பர் 2001). Manual of the Planes. Berlin: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 198–203. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-786918-50-0.
	{{Citation}}	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | place = | publisher = | series = | volume = | orig-year = | year = | month= | edition = | chapter = | chapter-url = | page = | pages = | language = | url = | archive-url = | archive-date = | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}	{{Citation | first = David | last = Mu... | author-link = David Mumfo... | title = The Red Book of V... | place = Berlin | publisher = [[இசுபிரிங்கர் பதிப்பகம்]] | series = Lecture Notes ... | volume = 1358 | edition = 2nd expanded | year = 1999 | page = 198 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X | mr = 1748380 | zbl = 0945.14001 }} Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1358 (2nd expanded ed.), Berlin: இசுபிரிங்கர் பதிப்பகம், p. 198, எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி:10.1007/b62130, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 354063293X, MR 1748380, Zbl 0945.14001	{{Citation | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R. | last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff | last3 = Noonan | first3 = David | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | place = Berlin | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] |pages = 198–203 | date = September 2001 | isbn = 0-786918-50-0 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (செப்டெம்பர் 2001), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198–203, பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-786918-50-0
journal paper thesis dissertation See also {{cite thesis}}	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | location = | date = | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | access-date = }}	{{cite journal | author-link = Stephen Brey... | title = Copyright: A Rejo... | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972 }} Stephen Breyer (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H. | author1-link = David H. Bailey | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter | author2-link = Peter Borwein | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M. | author3-link = Jonathan Borwein | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = 25 June 1997 | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/... | issn =0343-6993 | doi = 10.1007/BF03024340 | mr = 1439159 | zbl = 0878.11002 }} David H. Bailey; Peter Borwein; Jonathan Borwein (25 June 1997). "The Quest for Pi". Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57. doi:10.1007/BF03024340. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0343-6993. http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf.
	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = | orig-year = | year = | month = | language = | url = | jstor = | archive-url = | archive-date = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}	{{Citation | last = Breyer | first = Stephen | author-link = Stephen Bre... | title = Copyright: A Rejo... | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (அக்டோபர் 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review, 20: 75–83	{{Citation | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H. | author1-link = David H. Bailey | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter | author2-link = Peter Borwein | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M. | author3-link = Jonathan Borwein | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = 25 June 1997 | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/... | issn =0343-6993 | doi = 10.1007/BF03024340 | mr = 1439159 | zbl = 0878.11002 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (25 சூன் 1997), "The Quest for Pi" (PDF), Mathematical Intelligencer, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 19 (1): 50–57, எண்ணிம ஆவணச் சுட்டி:10.1007/BF03024340, பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண் 0343-6993, MR 1439159, Zbl 0878.11002
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web | url = | title = | last = | first = | date = | website = | publisher = | access-date = | quote = }}	{{cite web | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido... | url = http://science-educat... | access-date = 30 April 2006 | archive-url = http://web.archive... | archive-date = 3 March 2006 }} Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". Archived from the original on 3 மார்ச்சு 2006. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 30 ஏப்பிரல் 2006. {{cite web | title = | url = | website = | date = | access-date = }} (Write date as one of the formats shown at MOS:DATE; e.g. |date=22 July 2009 or |date=July 22, 2009.)	{{cite web | last = Hansen | first = James E. | author-link = James E. Hansen | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R. | last3 = Sato | first3 = M. | last4 = Lo | first4 = K. | title = GISS Surface Temperature An... | website = NASA.gov | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for... | date = December 15, 2005 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis... | access-date = September 28, 2006 }} Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (15 திசம்பர் 2005). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA.gov. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 28 செப்டெம்பர் 2006.
	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | publisher = | date = | year = | url = | access-date = }}	{{Citation | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido... | url=http://science-educat... | access-date = 30 April 2006 }} Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 30 ஏப்பிரல் 2006	{{Citation | last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E. | author1-link = James Hansen | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R. | last3 = Sato | first3 = M. | last4 = Lo | first4 = K. | title = GISS Surface Temperature An... | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for ... | date = December 15, 2005 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis... | access-date = September 28, 2006 }} Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (15 திசம்பர் 2005), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 28 செப்டெம்பர் 2006
comic	{{cite comic}}	{{cite comic | writer= | penciller= | inker= | story= | title= | volume= | issue= | date= | publisher= | page= | panel= }}	{{cite comic | writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=November 1961 | publisher=[[மார்வெல் காமிக்ஸ்]] | page=3 | panel=2 }} Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four 1: 3/2 (November 1961), மார்வெல் காமிக்ஸ்
comic strip	{{comic strip reference}}	{{comic strip reference | cartoonist= | strip= | paper= | location= | date= | supplement= | syndicate= | page= }}	{{comic strip reference | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=July 15, 1967 | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1 }} Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate  1.
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference | first = | last = | author-link = | title = | book-title = | pages = | publisher = | date = | location = | url = | doi = | id = | access-date = }}	{{cite conference | first = M. | last = Turk | first2 = A. | last2 = Pentland | title = Face recognition ... | book-title = Proc IEEE Con... | place = Maui, Hawaii | pages = 586–591 | year = 1991 }} Turk, M.(1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". {{{booktitle}}}, 586–591.	{{cite conference | last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G. | last3 = Bond | first3 = H. | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M. | last5 = Nelan | first5 = E. | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D. | title = Direct detection of the ... | book-title = American Astronomical Society 207th ... | publisher = AAS | date = January 9, 2006 | url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm }} (January 9, 2006) "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". {{{booktitle}}}, AAS.
	{{Citation}}	{{Citation | first = | last = | author-link = | first2 = | last2 = | author2-link = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | contribution = | contribution-url = | series = | year = | pages = | place = | publisher = | url = | doi = | id = }}	{{Citation | last1 = Turk | first1 = M. | last2 = Pet... | first2 = A. | contribution = Face recog... | series = Proc IEEE Confere... | place = Maui, Hawaii | pages = 586–591 | year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Petland, A. (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Maui, Hawaii, pp. 586–591 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)	{{Citation | last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G. | last3 = Bond | first3 = H. | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M. | last5 = Nelan | first5 = E. | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D. | contribution = Direct detection of ... | series = American Astronomical... | publisher = AAS | date = January 9, 2006 | contribution-url = http://...30.htm }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (9 சனவரி 2006), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
court case (legal decision)	{{cite court}}	{{cite court | litigants = | vol = | reporter = | opinion = | pinpoint = | court = | date = | url= }}	{{cite court | litigants=Roe v. Wade | vol=410 | reporter=U.S. | opinion=113 | date=1973 | url=http://www.law.corn... }} Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
encyclopedia, edited collection	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | volume = | pages = | publisher = | date = | id = | access-date = }}	{{cite encyclopedia | title = Kirkegaard... | encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri... | editor-last = Winkler Pri... | editor-first = Anthony | editor-link = Anthony Win... | volume = 9 | publisher = Elsevier | year = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Elsevier.	{{cite encyclopedia | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Bernard Lewis | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist... | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | date = 1999 | url = }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 719–720.
	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation | last = | first = | contribution = | year = | title = | editor-last = | editor-first = | volume = | pages = | place = | publisher = | id = }}	{{Citation | contribution = Kirkegaard... | title = Grote Winkler Pri... | editor-last = Winkler Pri... | editor-first = Anthony | editor-link = Anthony Win... | volume = 9 | publisher = Elsevier | year = 1882 }} Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, vol. 9, Elsevier	{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians ... | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | year = 1999 | contribution-url = http://...is.htm }} Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
episode (television or radio)	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode | title = | episode-link = | url = | series = | series-link = | credits = | network = | station = | city = | air-date = | began = | ended = | season = | seriesno = | number = | minutes = | transcript = | transcript-url= }}	{{cite episode | title = BBC-TV Presents: ... | episode-link = BBC Snooker World ... | series = Wide World of Snooker | series-link = Wide World of Snooker ... | credits = Presenters: [[Dennis ... | network = [[பிபிசி]] | station = [[BBC Two]] | city = [[செபீல்டு]], ... | air-date = 2008-04-27 | minutes = 2:34 }} "BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible". Presenters: Dennis Taylor and Clive Everton. Wide World of Snooker. பிபிசி. BBC Two, செபீல்டு, இங்கிலாந்து. 2:34 minutes in.	{{cite episode | title = Duet | episode-link = Duet (Stargate Atlant... | series = Stargate Atlantis | series-link = Stargate Atlantis | air-date = August 5, 2005 | season = 2 | number = 4 }} "Duet". Stargate Atlantis. No. 4, season 2.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | mailing-list = | date = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite mailing list | last=Murdock | first=Ian | author-link=Ian Murdock | title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9... | mailing-list=debian-announce | date=26 October 1995 | url=http://lists.debian.or... | access-date =20 April 2007 }} Murdock, Ian (26 அக்டோபர் 1995). "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available". debian-announce (Mailing list). பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 20 ஏப்பிரல் 2007.
map	{{cite map}} author year or date title publisher	{{cite map | author = | year = | title = | url = | publisher = | section = | access-date = }}	{{cite map | author=Kansas Departmen... | year=2005 | title=Official State Trans... | url=http://www.ksdot.org/b... | format=PDF | edition=2005–06 | location=Topeka | publisher=Kansas Departmen... | section=F9 | access-date =March 30, 2007 }} Kansas Department of Transportation (2005). Official State Transportation Map (PDF) (Map) (2005–06 ed.). Topeka: Kansas Department of Transportation. § F9. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 30 மார்ச்சு 2007.	{{cite map | author1=Skelly Oil Company | author2=Diversified Map Co | year=1966 | title=Highway Map of Oklahoma | scale= [1:1,500,000] | location= St. Louis | publisher=Diversified Map Co | section=11C | oclc= 67708775 }} Skelly Oil Company; Diversified Map Co (1966). Highway Map of Oklahoma (Map). [1:1,500,000]. St. Louis: Diversified Map Co. § 11C. இணையக் கணினி நூலக மைய எண் 67708775.
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news | last = | first = | title = | newspaper = | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite news | last = Finn | first = Gary | title = What a growing lad needs is ... | pages = | newspaper = The Independent | location = London | date = 31 August 1998 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk ... }} Finn, Gary (31 August 1998). "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/what-a-growing-lad-needs-is-a-naughty-book-says-blair-1175187.html.	{{cite news | last = Andersen | first = David | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO... | work = Marine Corps News | date = 17 February 2006 | url = http://www.military.com/Caree... | access-date = 6 June 2006 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (17 February 2006). "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success". Marine Corps News. http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference.
	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | newspaper = | pages = | year = | date = | url = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = }}	{{Citation | last = Finn | first = Gary | title = What a growing lad needs is ... | pages = | newspaper = The Independent | location = London | date = 31 August 1998 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk ... | archive-url = http://www.webcitation ... | archive-date = 2010-03-06 }} Finn, Gary (31 ஆகத்து 1998), "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair", The Independent, London, archived from the original on 6 மார்ச்சு 2010	{{Citation | last1 = Andersen | first1 = David | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO... | newspaper = Marine Corps News | date = 17 February 2006 | url = http://www.military.com/Ca... | access-date = 2 June 2006 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (17 பெப்பிரவரி 2006), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 2 சூன் 2006
newsgroup posting (DO NOT USE TO VERIFY)	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup | title = | author = | date = | newsgroup = | id = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite newsgroup | author = Gary S. Terhune | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del... | date = January 11, 2004 | newsgroup = microsoft.pub... | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2... | url = http://groups.googl... | access-date = May 16, 2006 }} Gary S. Terhune (January 11, 2004). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Web link).	{{cite newsgroup | title = How can helping "Kids in Af... | author = Trodel | date = June 10, 2006 | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob... | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20... | url = http://groups.google.com/grou... | access-date = July 3, 2006 }} Trodel (June 10, 2006). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Web link).
patent	{{Citation}} inventor-last	{{Citation | inventor-last = | inventor-first = | inventorlink = | inventor2-last = | inventor2-first = | inventorlink2 = | publication-date = | issue-date = | title = | country-code = | description = | patent-number = }}	{{Citation | inventor1-last = Degermark | inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor2-last = Brodnik | inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor3-last = Carlsson | inventor3-first = Svante | inventor4-last = Pink | inventor4-first = Stephen | title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams | issue-date = 2001 | patent-number = 6266706 | country-code = US }} Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor1-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor1-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor4-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor4-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release | title = | publisher = | date = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite press release | title = Nature compares W... | publisher = The Wikimedia... | date = 15 December 2005 | url = http://en.wikipedia... | access-date = 3 July 2006 }} The Wikimedia Foundation(15 December 2005). "Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica". செய்திக் குறிப்பு.	{{cite press release | title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo... | publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P...]] | date = May 25, 2006 | url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 | access-date = June 13, 2006 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association(May 25, 2006). "HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards". செய்திக் குறிப்பு.
video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.)	{{cite AV media}} people title	{{cite AV media | people = | title = | medium = | publisher = | location = | date = | url = }}	{{cite AV media | people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director) | title = Harab libnan | medium = Television production | publisher = Al-Issawi, Om... | location = Lebanon | date = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director) (2001). Harab libnan (Television production). Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite AV media | people = Dick Cavett | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock... | medium = DVD | publisher = Shout Factory | date = 2005 }} Dick Cavett (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) (DVD). Shout Factory.
video game	{{cite video game}} title developer	{{cite video game | title = | developer = | publisher = | date = | platform = | version = | level = | language = | isolang = | quote = }}	{{cite video game | title=[[Halo 3]] | developer= [[Bungie]] | publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]] | date=September 25, 2007 | platform=[[எக்ஸ் பாக்ஸ் 360]] | version=1.0 | level=The Storm | language=English | isolang= | quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? /... }} Bungie (25 செப்டெம்பர் 2007). Halo 3 (in English). Vol. எக்ஸ் பாக்ஸ் 360. Microsoft Game Studios. Level/area: The Storm. Arbiter: More Brutes? / Master Chief: Worse.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

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• {{cite album-notes}}
• {{cite thesis}}

Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples

இதனையும் பார்க்க: Template:Harvard citation documentation

These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All the following templates are supported: {{citation}} · {{cite book}} · {{cite journal}} · {{cite web}} · {{cite conference}} · {{cite encyclopedia}} · {{cite mailing list}} · {{cite news}} · {{cite press release}} · {{cite arXiv}} · {{cite AV media}} (an up-to-date list is at வார்ப்புரு:Citation/core). To use the links, the template must define "Surname" (or "Last") and "Year" and must include |

What to type	What it makes
Article text.{{sfn|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (Shortened footnote template) Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1879|p=289}} ==Notes== {{reflist}}	Article text. Article text. Notes
{{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text) {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no brackets) {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author)	(Turner 1851, ப. 10–11) (Smith 1879, p. 289) (Turner 1851) asserts that ... Smith 1879 (Lincoln et al. 2007, pp. 88–89)
Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. {{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harvcol|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999}} asserts that ... {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879}} {{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}	Harvcol templates (Turner 1851, ப. 10–11) (Smith 1879, ப. 289) (Blust 1999) asserts that ... (Smith 1879) (Lincoln et al. 2007, ப. 88–89)

Variations

Wikipedia does not dictate a particular way to insert citations into an article. As a result, there are multiple ways to structure citations in an article; multiple ways to insert individual citations; and multiple ways to link short-form inline citations with the full-form citations in the bibliography, when using a style that calls for short-form citations.

There are three primary ways to format individual citations:

1. By hand. When using inline citations (see below), these are simply typed directly; however, when using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, these can be surrounded with {{wikicite}} to ensure that the appropriate shortened references are linked to the full references below.
2. Using the Citation Style 1 templates, such as {{cite book}}, {{cite web}}, {{cite journal}}, or {{cite news}}.
3. Using the generic {{Citation}} template.

The main differences between the generic {{Citation}} template and the specific Citation Style 1 templates are:

1. The Citation Style 1 templates produce citations with individual sections (e.g. title, author, publisher, etc.) separated by periods, with a trailing period, while {{Citation}} separates sections with a comma and has no trailing punctuation. (However, this can be changed using the |separator= and |postscript= parameters.)
2. Not all Citation Style 1 templates can easily be replaced by the {{Citation}} template. Generally, any Citation Style 1 template of a general nature (e.g. book; web site; journal or newspaper article; article in an edited collection or encyclopedia; etc.) can be replaced, but specialized templates (court cases, comic books, video games, etc.) cannot very easily.
3. Some of the parameter names differ. For example, citing an article in an edited collection uses the misnamed {{cite encyclopedia}} template, with |title= for the article name and |encyclopedia= for the collection name; the equivalent parameters in {{Citation}} are named contribution and title, respectively.
4. When using parenthetical referencing, a Harv templates template that identifies a citation by author and year will automatically link to the appropriate citation elsewhere in the article if created using {{Citation}}. If created using Citation Style 1, however, a |ref=harv parameter must be added.

There are also at least three ways to structure citations as a whole in an article:

1. Inline citations. These simply place the citation inside of a <ref>...</ref> reference, which inserts a small bracketed, superscripted number. When clicked on, it links to a correspondingly-numbered footnote (more properly an endnote) placed elsewhere in the article. The footnotes themselves are inserted using {{reflist}}, which is typically placed by itself in a Notes (or References) section near the end of the article. When there are multiple references to the same citation, typing can be saved by using <ref name="foo">...</ref> the first time, and just <ref name="foo"/> elsewhere. When there are citations that differ only in page number, there are two alternatives: write all the citations out in full, including the page number, or use one citation without page numbers along with the {{rp}} template to add an inline page number after the small bracketed footnote number.
2. Shortened footnotes. Instead of the full-form citation appearing in the footnote, a shortened form appears, giving only the author and year (or in some styles, a shortened version of the article or book title), and page number if appropriate. The full citation appears later on, in a bibliography section. This usually follows directly after the footnotes, is titled "References" or "Bibliography", and contains all relevant citations, listed in alphabetical order. This style is especially appropriate when there are large numbers of references overall and frequent cases of multiple references to the same work, especially in the presence of differing page numbers.
3. Parenthetical references. These are conceptually similar to shortened footnotes, but the shortened reference appears inline in the text, in parentheses, rather than in a footnote.

When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, there are multiple ways to link the shortened and full-form references:

1. Don't link them. This happens by default when the shortened references are typed in by hand.
2. Insert manual links. These look like e.g. [[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006, p. 25]]. The anchor #refPereira2006 is attached to the full-form citation by surrounding it with {{wikicite}} (if inserted by hand), or adding a |ref= parameter to the citation template.
3. Insert links using a Harv templates template, e.g. {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}. This will insert "Pereira 2006, ப. 25" into the text and link it to the citation with the corresponding last name and year. As mentioned above, when using a Citation Style 1 template, the parameter |ref=harv must be added, but this is unnecessary for {{Citation}}. When using parenthetical references, the plain {{Harv}} template is used, which automatically inserts parentheses. Other variations format the page number or parentheses differently.
4. Use the {{sfn}} template for the whole of the footnote. The {{sfn}} template creates its own named <ref>...</ref> tags: {{sfn|Pereira|2006|p=25}} is exactly equivalent to <ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006]], p. 25.</ref> which is itself equivalent to <ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}</ref>.

See also WP:Footnotes and விக்கிப்பீடியா:மேற்கோள் சுட்டுதல் for general information, and WP:CITEX for specific examples of exactly how to write the code for various combinations of the above styles.

Discussing citations on talk pages

For convenience when citations are brought to talk pages, noticeboards and other discussions, follow the group of citations with {{Reflist-talk}}.

{{Reflist-talk}}

This template places the citations in their own box under the bold header References. The resulting reference box does not appear in the table of contents.

See also

• விக்கிப்பீடியா:வார்ப்புருத் தகவல்கள்/கட்டுரை மூலங்கள் for templates about citation-related problems in articles
• Wikipedia:How to avoid duplicated citations